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https://archive.org/details/illustratedsymbo01 smit 


et Se RA RA RE EE EEE OE EAT AT OS LCA TS 


ILLUSTRATED 


Symbols and Emblems 


OF THE 


JEWISH, EARLY CHRISTIAN, GREEK, 
LATIN, AND MODERN CHURCHES 


#0936 §, 8TH ST, 


1960 


2YU6 
IT? 
a =F ¢ 
H.-J. SMITH 
| 
2. DPbMadelpbias... . 
Je M. ADAMS | 
| 
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Class . Book 


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7 10 Lowell City Library. 


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COPYRIGHT 1900 
BY H, J. SMITH, PHILADELPHIA 


Copyrighted in Great Britain 


(iv) 


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Div.S, 
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5 Se 49 7 


- Preface 


SAE great increase of art schools throughout 
our country during the past ten years has 
added largely to the number of those who 


are able to justly appreciate and criticise art 


work. It has also added largely to the class 
that depend upon art occupations for a livelihood. But 
while these schools are thus elevating the art standard of 
our country, the subject of Symbolism seems to have been 
overlooked, and the graduates are left to learn or to guess 
at the meaning of the symbols that are used so lavishly in 


our churches. 


The same want of instruction in this branch of art 


work is also painfully evident in art glass, tapestry, etc., 
that are brought into the country from abroad. I have seen 
in foreign work the pictured head of a saint surrounded 
with the cruciform nimbus, the pictured head of a female 
saint crowned with an arched crown, and the flaming 
torch on an art tablet commemorating the virtues of the 
deceased. Apart from these incongruities, the work com- 


manded respect. 


Why this general neglect? A search through our 


public libraries revealed many works on the subject, but 


631248 


written by and for the theologian or the archzologist. The 
art student may be interested, but has not the time, when 
in search of information, to read them. 

One may, after considerable labor, find about fifty 
different emblems illustrated in these works. I have en- 
deavored to make the subject as plain and concise as 
possible, giving over three hundred and fifty illustrated 
symbols and emblems, their biblical or other foundation, 
and a few leading points of information about them, so that 
the clergyman, architect, illustrator, decorator, etc., may see 
at a glance what they require. 

‘T had long wished that someone would write such a 
work, when it occurred to me that few had the facilities at 
hand that I possessed, my position demanding the almost 
daily use of these symbols. 

The great majority of the illustrations have been used 
by me in actual work, and therefore have the approval of 
the clergymen of various denominations. The types are 
not arbitrary; the greatest latitude in regard to color is 
admissible in nearly all cases, but when heraldic . devices 


are used, one cannot be too careful either in form or color. 


H. J. SMITH. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Igo0. 


Goraiercereney ; 


The following authorities 


have been mainly consulted in compiling this book: 


OWEN JONES 
A. A. DIDRON A. W. PUGIN 


F. E. HULME, F.u.s. AND F.s.A. 


The biblical quotations are from the King James Bible, except 
those marked D, which are from the Douay Bible. 


( vii ) 
—e-r oo ii oD 


631248 


Designed, edited and illustrated | 


by 
H. ¥. SMITH. 


( viii } 


x eee 


Tlustrated 
Spmbols and Emblems 


‘of tbe 
Jewish, Carly Christian, 
Greek, Latin and Modern Churches 


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SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Plate I 


Symbol of the Jehovah 


The triangle is the symbol of. Jehovah in all churches, but with the 
letters (Jehovah) in centre is used only in Christian churches. 


“And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name 


of God Almighty ; but by my name Jehovah was I not known to them.” 
Lxodus vis 3. 


NotTE.—This form of triangle should not be used as an emblem of the Trinity. It does not denote 


- equality. 


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Plate II SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The double interlacing triangle is used in very many of the Jewish 
Synagogues, and is called the shield of David. The two Yods in centre 
are not part of the shield, but are sometimes placed as shown; they are 
also used in centre of triangle, and are an abbreviation of the word Jehovah, 
and are used by the Jews to express that word, on account of the prohibition 


to pronounce or write the word in full. 


II. 


Triangle containing the word Lorp in Hebrew. Surrounded by rays 


in circle form. Emblematic of the Eternal Lord. 


“And Abraham planted a grove in Beer-sheba, and called there on the name 
of the LORD, the everlasting God.” 


Genesis xxi - 33- 


(5) 


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Plate III SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


First Day of Creation 


“Tn the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 

“And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face 
of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 

“And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 

“And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from 
the darkness. 

“And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the 


evening and the morning were the first day.” 
Genests i: 1-5. 


The cloud is used here as the symbol of Jehovah. 


“ And the Lord came down in a cloud.” 
Numbers xt: 25. 


“And the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and pro- 


claimed the name of the Lord.” 


Exodus xxxtv: 5. 


(7) 


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Plate IV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Second Day of Creation 


“And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let 
it divide the waters from the waters. 
“And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under 


the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament : and it was so. 


“And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning 


were the second day.” 
: Genesis i: 6-8, 


The flame is used here as a symbol of Jehovah. 


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SoS ane “And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them 
S the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and 
- nig 
See Exodus xitt: 22. 


a “And I looked, and behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, 


and a aS infolding itself, and a brightness was about it.” 
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SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Third Day of Creation 


“And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and 
the fruit-tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: 
and it was so. 

“And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, 
and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw 
that it was good. 

“And the evening and the morning were the third day.” 


Genesis is 11-13. 


| The hand is a symbol of the power of the Creator. 


Fine. 
Sox 


“There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and 


' that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This also I saw, that it 
was from the hand of God.” | 


Ecclesiastes tt: 24, 


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SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Fourth Day of Creation 


“And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven, to 
divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and 


for days and years: 


“And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven, to give light 
upon the earth: and it was so. 


“And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and 
the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 


“And God set them in the firmament of the heaven, to give light upon the 
earth. 

“And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from 
the darkness: and God saw that it was good. 

“And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.” 


Genesis i: 14-19. 


Symbol, cloud in Creator’s star; reference same as Plate III. 


(13) 


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Fifth Day of Creation 


“And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature 
that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of 
heaven. 

“And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which 
the waters brought forth abundantly after their kind: and God saw that it was 
good. 

“And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful. and multiply, and fill the waters 
in the seas ; and let fowl multiply in the earth. 


“And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.” 


Genests i: 20-23. 


if The symbol used is the hand with rays. 


(15) 


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Plate VIII 


Sirth Day of Creation 


“And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, 
cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. 

“And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their 
kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw 
that it was good. 

“And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let 
them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and 


over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth 


upon the earth. 


“So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he 


him : male and female created he them. 

“And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, 
and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the 
sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon 
the earth. 

“And God said, Behold I have given you every herb bearing seed, which 
is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree 
yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. 

“And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every 


thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green 


herb for meat: and it was so. 


“And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. 


And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.” 
Genests t: 24-31. 


“And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into 


his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.” 


Genesis ti: 7. 


“Thy hands have made me, and fashioned me.” 


Psalms cxix: 73. 


(17) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


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Plate 1X SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


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Seventh Day of Creation 


“ Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 

“And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he 
rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 

“And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it; because that in it he 


had rested from all his work which God created and made.” 


Genesis i: 1-3. 


(19) 


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Plate X SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1). 


Beard. Attribute. Emblematic of man (male.) 


(2) 


Skull. Symbol of mankind, or the human race. 


(3) 


Serpent. An emblem ofsin. On the apple tree it is emblematic 
of the temptation and fall. 
“ And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die.” 


Genesis tit: g. 


The apple tree is an emblem of the knowledge of good and evil. 


(4) 


The flaming sword suggests the expulsion from the Garden of Eden 
and the punishment of Satan or sin. 
“So he drove out the man: and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden, 
cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the 


tree of life.” 


Genesis ttt 2 24. 


(21) 


Plate XI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Results of the Fall 


(1) 


The Snake (sin) encircling the world. 


Through Adam’s sin and fall, sin entered into, and had dominion 
over, the whole world. 


See Romans v: 12; 1st John v: 19. 


(2) 
The Jaws of Hell. 
“Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without 


measure.” 
Isaiah v: 4. 


(3) 
Skull and Crossbones. 


_ This is a very old, and much used, emblem of Death. 


~ (23) 


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Plate XII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Dragon. The Dragon is an emblem of Satan or sin. It is also 


used as an emblem of pestilence. See Rev. xii: 9. 


VM 


Results of the Dominion of Sin 


“ And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that 
every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. 

“And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved 
him at his heart. 

“ And the Lord said, I will destroy man, whom I have created, from the face 
of the earth; both man and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the 
air: for it repenteth me that I have made them.” 


Genesis vis 5-7. 


(2) 
The Flood. 


“ And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and 
bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth. 

“ And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth ; and 
the ark went upon the face of the waters. 

“ And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, 
that were under the whole heaven, were covered. 

“ Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were cov- 
ered. 

“And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cat- 
tle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and 
every man. 

“All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, 
died. 

“ And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the 
ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the 
heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained 
alive, and they that were with him in the ark. 

“And the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days.” 


Genesis vit: 17-24, 


(25) 


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Plate XIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
| (1) 
Returning Dove 
Emblematic of peace and returning prosperity. 
| 
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«And the dove came into him in the evening: and lo, in her mouth was 
an olive leaf pluckt off: so Noah knew that the waters were abated from off 
the earth.” 


Gen. viii: rz. 


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(2) 
Chanksgiving and Promise 


“ And Noah builded an altar unto the Lord: and took every clean beast, 
and every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar.’ 

Gen, viii: 20. 

“And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between 
me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations : 

“IT do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant 
between me and the earth. 

“ And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the 
bow shall be seen in the cloud: 

“ And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and 
every living creature of all flesh: and the waters shall no more become a flood 
to destroy all flesh. 

“And the bow shall be set in the cloud: and Iwill look upon it, that I 

‘ may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living 
creature of the earth. 

“And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which I 
have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth.”’ 


Gen, tx: 12-17. 


The rainbow is symbolic of God’s mercy and faithfulness. 


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SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
The Burning Bush. 
“And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire, out of the 
midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the 


bush was not consumed.” 
¥ Exodus tit: 2. 


The bush is generally said to have been an acacia tree. 


(2) 
_ Jehovah’s promise to Abram. 
“And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and 


tell the stars, if thou be able to number them. And he said unto him, So shall 


thy seed be.” 
Genesis xu: 5. (See also Acts #%: 25.) 


(29) 


BY 


Plate xv SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of the Twelve Tribes 


“And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that 
I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. 

“Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob ; and hearken unto 
Israel your father.” 


Genests xlix: 2, 2. 


Judah; emblem, a Lion. 


“ Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise ; thy hand shall be in 
the neck of thine enemies : thy father’s children shall bow down before thee. 

“Judah is a lion’s whelp; from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he 
stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? 

“ The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his 
feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. 

“ Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass’s colt unto the choice vine; he 
washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: 

“His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.” 


Genests xlix: 8-12. 


~ Tssachar; emblem, an Ass. 


“Tssachar is a strong ass, couching down between two burdens: 
“And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and 
bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute.” 


Genesis xlix: I4, 15. 


Zebulun ; emblem, a Ship. 


“ Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven 
of ships: and his border shall be unto Zidon.” 


Genesis xlix: 13- 


Reuben ; emblem, the Sea. 


“Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might, and the beginning of my 
strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power. 

“Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up to thy 
father’s bed ; then defiledst thou it ; he went up to my couch.” 


Genesis xlix: 3, 4. 


(31) 


a; 


Plate XVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Simeon; emblem, a Sword. 


“ Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habita- 
tions. 

“OQ, my soul, come not thou into their secret ; unto their assembly, mine 
honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their self- 
will they digged down a wall. 

“ Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: 


IT will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.” 
Genesis xx: 5-7. 


Gad; emblem, a Standard. 


“Gad, a troop shail overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last.” 
Genests xlix: 19. 


Ephraim ; emblem, a Vine. 


“And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head 
of Ephraim, it displeased him; and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from 
Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head. 

“And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the first- 
born ; put thy right hand upon his head. 

‘And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall 
become a people, and he also shall be great; but truly his younger brother shall 
be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations. 

“And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, 
God makethee as Ephraim, and as Manasseh : and he set Ephraim before Manas- 
seh. 


“And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die; but God shall be with you, and 


bring you again unto the land of your fathers. 
“Moreover, I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I 
took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.” 


Genesis xluiti: 17-22. 


Benjamin; emblem, a Wolf. 


“ Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf; in the morning he shall devour the prey, 


and at night he shall divide the spoil.” 
Genesis xlix: 27. 


(33) 


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Plate XVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Manasseh; emblem, a Palm. (Reference the same as for Ephraim.) 


Dan; emblem, a Serpent. 


“ Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 


“Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the 
horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. 


“T have waited for thy salvation, O Lord.” 
Genesis xlix: 16-18. 


Asher; emblem, a Vase. 


“Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties.” 


Genesis xlix: 20. 


Naphtali; emblem, a Hind. 


“Naphtali is a hind let loose; he giveth goodly words.” 


Genesis xlix : 21. 


In the division of the promised land the Levites received no portion, 
but were to receive one-tenth of the products from the other tribes; they in 


turn were to give one-tenth to the Priests. 


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: 5 Plate XVIII | SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The Ten Commandments 


“ And God spake all these words, saying, 

“Tam the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, 
out of the house of bondage. 

“Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 

“ Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any 
thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the 
water under the earth: 

“Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord 
thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children 
unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; 

“And showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my 
commandments. 

‘Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ; for the Lord 
will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 

“Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy. 

“Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 

“ But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not 
do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid- | 
servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: 

“ For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in 
them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, 
and hallowed it. 

“ Honour thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the 
land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 

“Thou shalt not kill. 

“Thou shalt not commit adultery. 

“ Thou shalt not steal. 

“ Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 

“Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy 
neighbour’s wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his 
ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.” ; 

Exodus xx: I-17. 

“And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with 

him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the 
finger of God.” 


Exodus xxxi: 18. 


Represents the Pentateuch or Torah, the name given to the first five 
books of the Bible. 

The Pentateuch is always written by hand, and on vellum. Being 
hand work, it is expensive,—sometimes exceedingiy so. 


(37) 


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(1) 


Ark of the Covenant. 


“ And they shall make an ark of shittim-wood: two cubits and a half shall 
be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and 
a half the height thereof. 

“And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold; within and without shalt thou 
overlay it, and shalt make upon it a crown of gold round about. 

“And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in the four 
corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of it, and two rings in 
the other side of it. 

“ And thou shalt make staves of shittim-wood, and overlay them with gold. 

“And thou shalt put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, that 
the ark may be borne with them. 

“The staves shall be in the rings of the ark; they shall not be taken from it. 

“And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. 

“And thou shalt make a mercy-seat of pure gold: two cubits and a half 
shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof. 

“And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou 
make them, in the two ends of the mercy-seat. 

“And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other 
end ; even of the mercy-seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereotl. 

“And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the 
mercy-seat with their wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward 
the mercy-seat shall the faces of the cherubims be. 

“And thou shalt put the mercy-seat above upon the ark; and in the ark 
thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee. | 

“And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above 
the mercy-seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the 


testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the children 
of Israel.” 


Exodus xxv: 10-22. 


The Christians use the Ark of the Covenant, the Cherubims, the Mercy 
Seat, and the Divine Shechinah, as symbolical of Christ, the divine 
presence and the promised place of meeting. 


(39) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


R 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(2) 
Altar of Incense. 


“And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim-wood shalt 
thou make it. 

“A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; four- 
square shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof 
shall be of the same. 

“And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides 
thereof round about, and the horns thereof: and thou shalt make unto it a crown 
of gold round about. 

“And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the 
two corners thereof; upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall 
be for places for the staves to bear it withal. 


“And thou shalt make the staves of shittim-wood, and overlay them with 
gold. 


“And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, 
before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee. 

“And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he 
dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it. 

“And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon 
it: a perpetual incense before the Lord throughout your generations. 


“Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt-sacrifice, nor meat- 
offering ; neither shall ye pour drink-offering thereon. 

“And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year 
with the blood of the sin-offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make 
atonement upon it, throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the Lord.” 


Exodus xxx: I-10. 


Altar of Incense, with the perpetual fire burning, ones the perpetual 
intercession of Christ. 


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Plate XX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
Gis) 
Brazen Laver. 
“Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and his foot also of brass, to wash 
withal: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and 
the altar, and thou shait put water therein: 
“For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat. 
“When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash 
with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, 
to burn offering made by fire unto the Lord: 
“So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not; and it 
shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their 
oe 


Exodus xxx: 18-21. 
Laver filled with water; emblematic of the Holy Spirit and of the 


freedom o1 purification. 
See John vit: 37-39; Eph.v: 26. 


generations.” 
€2.) 
Altar of Burnt Offering. 


“And thou shalt make an altar of shittim-wood, five cubits long, and five 
cubits broad ; the altar shall be four-square ; and the height thereof shall be three 
cubits. 

“And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his 
horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass. 

“And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and 
his basons, and his flesh-hooks, and his fire-pans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt 
make of brass. 

“And thou shalt make for it a grate of net-work of brass; and upon the net 
shalt thou make four brazen rings in the four corners thereof. 

“And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net 
may be even to the midst of the altar. 

“And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim-wood, and over- 
lay them with brass. 

“And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon 
the two sides of the altar, to bear it. 

“ Hollow with boards shalt thou make it; as it was shewed thee in the 
mount so shall they make it.” 

Exodus xxvii: 1-8. 


Altar of Burnt Offering; typical of Christ and His cross, where all was 
given to God. 


See Hebrews x: I0. 


(43) 
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Plate XXI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


“And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the 


engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. 

“ And thou shalt put it ona blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon 
the fore front of the mitre it shall be. 

“And it shall be upon Aaron’s forehead, that Aaron may bear the iniquity 
of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow in all their holy 
gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before 


the Lord.” 
Exodus xxvitt : 36-38. 


(2) 
Breastplate. 


“And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; 
after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, 
and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it. 

“ Four-square it shall be, being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, 
and a span shall be the breadth thereof. 

“And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the 
first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row. 

“And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. 

“And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. 

“‘ And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and ajasper: they shall be set in 
gold in their inclosings. 

“And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, 
according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his 


name shall they be according to the twelve tribes. 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Breastplate.— Continued. 


“And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathen 
work of pure gold. 

“And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shalt 
put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. 

“And thou shalt put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings which 
are on the ends of the breastplate. 

“And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the 
two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it. 

“‘ And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the 
two ends of the breastplate, in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod 
inward. 

“And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two 
sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other 
coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod. 

“ And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of 
the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, 
and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod. 

“ And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate 
of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial 
before the Lord continually. 

“And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thum- 
mim ; and they shall be upon Aaron’s heart, when he goeth in before the Lord: 
and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before 


the Lord continually.” 


Exodus xxvitt + 15-30, 


Urim means light and Thummim perfection. Supposed to have been 
precious stones. 

Josephus supposed that the stones gave out oracular answer by preter- 
natural illumination, but we have no positive knowledge what they were. 


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(1) 


Candlestick. 


Candlestick; emblematic of Christ and the Church, as the light of the 


world. 


“And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold; of beaten work shall the 
candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his 
flowers, shall be of the same. 

“And six branches shall come out of the sides of it: three branches of the 
candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the 
other side: 

“Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one 
branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and 
a flower; so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick. 

“ And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with 
their knops and their flowers. 

“And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop 
under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, 
according to the six branches that proceed out of the candlestick. 

“ Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all of it shall be one 
beaten work of pure gold. 

“And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof; and they shall light the 
lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it. 

“And the tongs thereof, and the snuff-dishes thereof, shall be of pure gold. 

“Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels. 


“ And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was showed thee 
in the mount.” 


Exodus xxv + 31-40. 


See John viti : 12. 


(2) 


Table of Shewbread. 


Table of shewbread; a symbol of the body of Christ, lifted up, 
incorruptible. | 


“ Thou shalt also make a table of shittim-wood : two cubits shall be the length 
thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof. 

“ And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, and make thereto a crown of gold 
round about. 

“And thou shalt make unto it a border of an hand-breadth round about, and 
thou shalt make a golden crown to the border thereof round about. 

“ And thou shalt make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings in the four 
corners that are on the four feet thereof. 

“ Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the staves to bear 
the table. 

“And thou shalt make the staves of shittim-wood, and overlay them with 
gold, that the table may be borne with them. 

“And thou shalt make the dishes thereof, and spoons thereof, and covers 


~ thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal; of pure gold shalt thou make them. 


“ And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway.” 


Lxodus xxU ° 23-30. 


See John vi : 48-51. 


( 49) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Se ee Sa...” 


Plate XXIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 

Form of Benediction. 

Sometimes the index fingers do not touch each other, and instead of 
the tips of thumbs touching, the first joints are placed together. Either way 
forms four openings, each opening representing one of the four Hebrew 
letters that form the word Jehovah. 


(2) 
The Brazen Serpent. 


“And the Lord said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon 
a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh 
upon it, shall live. 

“And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole: and it came to 
pass, that if aserpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he 


lived.” 
Numbers xxi: 8,9. 


Typical of the Crucifixion. 
See John ttt s 14. 
(3) 


A conventional and well-known form of Aaron’s Rod. 


(4) 


A conventional form of the Manna Pot. 
See Ex. xvi: 4-36. 


5) 


A natural representation of Aaron’s Rod. 


“And it came to pass, that on the morrow, Moses went into the tabernacle ot 
witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was budded, and 


brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and yielded almonds.” 
Numbers xvii: 8. 


(51) 


Plate XXIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Crowns and Wreaths 


The crown is the symbol of sovereignty and superiority. 


Gi) 
Crown of the King. 
Gay) 


Crown of the Priest, for marked or eminent holiness. 


(3) 


Crown of the Scholar, for excellent learning. 


(4) 
Wreaths. There were three wreaths in the Sanctuary : 
Wreath of the Ark. 
Wreath of the Table. 
Wreath of the Altar. 


The wreath of the altar was won by Aaron for priestly merit. The 


wreath of the table was won by David for material prosperity. But the 
wreath of the ark (duty) might be earned by all who strove for it. 


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Plate XXV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Ass; emblem of peace and sovereignty. 
The ass was an honored animal, and was used by kings, prophets 
and nobles. 


“ Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment.” 
Judges v. 10. 


(2) 


Horse; emblem of turmoil and war. 


“ Hast thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck with 
thunder ? 

“Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper? the glory of his nostrils is 
terrible. 

“He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength ; he goeth on to meet 
the armed men. 

“He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from 
the sword. 

“The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering spear and the shield. 

“He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage; neither believeth he 
that it is the sound of the trumpet. 

“He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, 


the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.” 
Job xxxix : 19-25. 


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Plate XXVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Musical Instruments of the thebrews 


Musical instruments mentioned in the Bible; frequently used in 
church decoration. 
(1) 
Supposed ancient Hebrew Lyre. 


(2) 
| 
Egyptian Harp, of same period. 


(3) 
Hebrew Drum. 


“The women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet 


king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of music.” 
z Sam. xviti: 6. 


: (4) 
Timbrel. 


“And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her 


hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.” 
Jey, EDO Flor 


Che 
Systra or Cymbal. 


(6) 
Cymbals. 
“ Thus all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the Lord with shout- 
ing, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and with cymbals, making 


a noise with psalteries and harps.” 
I Chron. xv: 28. 


Fa) 
Bells. 
“A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate upon 


the hem of the robe round about. 

“And it shall be upon Aaron to minister; and his sound shall be heard when 
he goeth in unto the holy place before the Lord, and when he cometh out, that he 
die not.” 

Ex. xxvitts 345 35- 


(57) 


+ ed 
Plate XXVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Musical Instruments 


( Continued.) 


(1) 

Trumpet (shophar). 

This is a very long horn, which is turned up at the extremity. This 
trumpet was used for rousing the people to political or religious enthusiasm. 
It was probably blown only by those who were divinely commissioned 
and was the token that God was on their side. 

See Chron. xv: 28; Ex. xix: 16; Josh. vi: 4. 


(2) 
Ancient Dulcimer. A kind of bag-pipe. 
See Dan. iti. 5. 
(3) 
Horn. 


The original horns were cattle horns, but later they were made of 
metal, in the shapes of horns of various animals. 


(4) 
Flageolet. An ancient flute. 


Sometimes the two pipes were connected with one mouth-piece. 


(5) 


Organ (ugab). A set of pipes, or reeds, and blown with the mouth. 
Sometimes there were from five to twenty-three pipes, but usually 
there were only seven. 


(6) 
A straight Trumpet. 


('7 and 8 ) 


Flute. No.7 is a reed flute; No. 8 is a flute of later date. 
A pipe originally made from reeds, perforated with holes; afterwards 
it was made of ivory, bone, or horn. It was consecrated to joy or pleasure. 


NOTE.—Besides most of the foregoing, there may be used in decorating Jewish temples many of the following illustrations : 
such as the wheat sheaf, cornucopia, olive, palm, myrrh, wormwood, almond, lily of the valley, balm of Gilead, fig, frankincense, 
hyssop, cut flowers, scythe, hour glass, all-seeing eye, lamp; or any that have an Old Testament reference. 


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Plate XXVIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Emblems of St. John, the forerunner of Christ. 


St. John is represented with the banner, inscribed ‘‘Ecce Agnus Dei”— 
“Behold the Lamb of God’— (this is arranged to suit space or subject) ; 
he also bears the lamb on the book with the seven seals; the lamb 


bears the glorified banner. 


“ The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the 


Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.”’ 
Isaiah x1: 3. 


“As it is written in the prophets, Behold, I send my messenger before thy 


face. which shall prepare thy way before thee.” 
Mark i: 2. 


“The next day, John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the 


Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world!” 
John i: 29. 


(2) 
Bethlehem. 


“Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, in the days of Herod™ 
the King, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem, 
“ Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his 


star in the east, and are come to worship him.” 
Matthew ti: I, 2. 


‘When they had heard the king, they departed : and, lo, the star, which they 
saw in the east, went before them, till it came and stood over where the young 
child was. 


“ When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.” 


Matthew ti: 9, Io. 


(61) 


|. Plate XXIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The WMativity 


Emblem of the Nativity, taken as a whole; but subdivided we have :— 


The Passion Cross surrounded by a circle, which means ‘eternal 


salvation.’ The cross divides the field of the circle into four equal parts. 


The upper right hand corner suggests the Annunciation, having in 


it the Angel Gabriel with the sceptre. 


In the upper left corner is the Praise Angel, with the inscription 


“ Alleluia.” 
The adoring Shepherd is in the lower right corner. 
The lower left corner signifies the humility of Christ’s birth on earth. 


In the centre of the Passion Cross is the Glorified or Triumphant 


Cross, signifying Christ's victory over sin and death. 


NOTE.—The star above the circle is six-pointed, or the Creator's Star. 


| (63) 


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Plate XXX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Honus Det, Lamb of God 


“And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God !”’ 
John ti: 36. 


This was a favorite emblem of early Christianity. 


The lamb is usually represented standing on a rock, out of which 
issue four streams of water, one flowing to the north, one flowing to the 
south, one flowing to the east, and one flowing to the west,—said to 


represent that the gospel should be carried to the four quarters of the 


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Plate XXXI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Pelicans 


The pelican (of which two types are shown) has long been a favorite 
emblem of our Lord shedding His blood for the Church; and though the 
once popular belief that the pelican shed its blood for its young, has 


long since been proven false, the emblem is still in frequent use. 


While not directly connected with the subject, the following may be 
of interest to the reader. 


The word for God in the different languages of the world: 


English—God. 
German—Got or Gott. 
French—Dieu. 
Italian—Iddio. 
Spanish—Dios, 
Portuguese—Deos. 
Grecian—Dei. 
Dutch—God. 

Upper Wendish—Boh. 
Lower Wendish—Bohg. 


Albanian (Gheg)—Parandia. 


Albanian er osk)—Heutvia. 
Catalan—Deu. 


Piedmontese—Iddieu. 


Creolese of West Indies—Godct. 


Samoiedes of Russia—Kudai. 


Romany—Dumudden. 
Welsh—Dury. 
Gaelic—Dia. 

Irish—Ozsi. 

Manx (Isle of Man)—Jee. 


Breton—Doue. 


Danish and Swedish—Gud. 


Icelandic—Godh. 
Surinam—Gado. 
Assyrian—Llu. 
Aramaic—Elath. 
Hebrew—E] or Elhoim. 
Basque—Seme. 
Slavonic—Erz. 
Laplander—Jubmel. 


Chinese of King Po—Jing Ming. 


(67) 


Turkish—Aliha. 
Syriac—Eloah. 
Maltese—Alla. 
Persian—Khoda. 
Japanese—Kami. 
Eskimos—Gudib. 
Finnish—Jumaia. 
Servian—Lory. 
Gothic—Guth. 
Crotian—Bogu. 
Slovenian—Bog. 
Afghan.—Chudai. 
Hind.—Khooda. 
Bohemian—Bun. 
Bulgarian—Etoz. 
Latin—Deus. 


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Plate XXXII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Christ the shepherd 


As the hand and the arm show the power of the Father, so the 
arms of the Son show his love and care for the lambs. 
“He shall feed his flock like a shepherd; he shall gather the lambs with his 


arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with 


young.” 
Isaiah x1: 74, 


(69) 


Plate XX XIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Hscending and Descending Doves 


Dove; symbol of God the Holy Spirit. 


This is the regular conventional treatment. Formerly, church decorators 
generally placed this symbol in a central position and kept to the con- 
ventional drawings, but there has been a strong disposition of late years to 
make this dove more natural (as on Plate xiii). The dove is sometimes 
used as an emblem of the resurrection; it is then called the ascending or 


resurrection dove. 


“And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, 


and the Spirit, like a dove, descending upon him.” 
Mark i: 10. 


(71) 


Plate XXXIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


“Emblems and Gifts of the Divine Spirit 


The Dove and the Tongue of Fire, in a circle; emblematic of the 
eternity and perfection of the Holy Ghost. These are contained in a 
seven-pointed star (also perfection), which is surrounded by a seven- 
segmented form, each segment containing one of the gifts of the Divine 
Spirit. 

The Cloven Tongue of Flame; emblematic of the activity of the gift 
proceeding from the Holy Spirit, and also containing the trefoil, showing 


the Divine Spirit as one of the persons of the Triune God. 


‘Saying with a loud voice: The Lamb that was slain is worthy to receive 
power, and divinity, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and bene- 
diction.” 

Apocalypse v: 12. D.- 

“And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: the spirit of wisdom, and of 
understanding, the spirit of counsel, and of fortitude, the spirit of knowledge, and 
of godliness. 

“And he shall be filled with the spirit of the fear of the Lord.” 


Isaias xi: 2,3. D. 


“And there appeared to them parted tongues as it were of fire, and it sat 


upon every one of them.” 
Acts i: 3. D, 


(73) 


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Plate XXXV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Ihe Gifts and Mndwelling of the holy Spirit 


“That Christ may dwell by faith in your hearts ; that being rooted and 


founded in charity.” 
Ephesians iti: 17. D. 


This, as well as the foregoing emblem, may be differently arranged, 


but care should be taken that wsdom has the first or most prominent 


position. 


C755 


Plate XXXVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of the Trinity 


‘For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and 


the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.”’ 
1 John v: 7. 
(1) 
The Triquetra, formed by the interlacing of three equal portions of 


circles, is much used in the Western Church, and is frequently found on 
Celtic crosses. ; 


(2) 
The Double Triangle is much used in the Greek Church, and is said 
to express the Trinity and Infinitude of the Godhead. 


C3) 


Triangle interlaced with three segments of a circle. 


(4) 
The Equilateral Triangle is the usual emblem of the Godhead. 


(5) 
The lettered emblem shows that the Father is not the Son, the Son is 
not the Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit is not the Father; and that the 
Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God. 


NOTE.—All similar portions of the same form are equal in size, except the centre circle, containing the word God, which is 
always made larger than the other three circles. 


ved 


Plate XXXVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of the Trinity 


( Continued. ) 


Gi) 


The circle is emblematic of God and perfection—without beginning, 
without end. 

Three circles—three persons. The three circles are interlaced, 
representing the union. 

The word ‘“Trinitas’’ is divided into three syllables, one syllable 
placed in each circle. In the centre space, formed by the intersection of the 
three circles, is the word “Unitas.” Unity is the centre from which 
radiates the Trinity. 


(2) 


Double interlacing triangle, interlaced also with the circle. This form 


is said to represent the eternity and the perfection of the Trinity. 


2) 


A conventional treatment of the shamrock. 

The shamrock is a natural illustration, used by St. Patrick, in Ireland, 
to convince his hearers of the feasibility of the doctrine of the Trinity, 
when derided for proclaiming it. 


There are several other ways of representing the Trinity, amongst 
which may be mentioned the combination of the Hand, the Father; the 
Lamb, the Son; the Dove, the Holy Spirit. The early Christians used 
three fishes variously placed. 


Probably enough illustrations have been given. 


(79) 


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Plate XXXVIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Symbols of the Four Evangelists 


“As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and 
the face of a lion, on the right side ; and they four had the face of an ox on the 


left side ; they four also had the face of an eagle.” 
Ezekieli: 10. 


Matthew is represented as a man, because he dwells more upon the 
human than the divine nature of our Lord. 

Mark is represented as a lion, because he commences his gospel 
with the voice of one crying in the wilderness. 


The lion is an emblem of the royal dignity of Christ. 


“ Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda.” 


Revelation v: 5. 


Luke is represented as an ox, because he writes more of the priest- 
hood of Christ. 
The ox is the symbol of sacrifice. 


John is represented as an eagle, because of his lofty flights of 


inspiration. 


2 
Plate XX XIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The Twelve Disciples 


Gr) 

Peter (a rock or stone) was recognized as the leader of the Twelve 
Disciples. He was crucified by order of Nero, A.D. 67, at Rome. Origen 
says that Peter felt himself to be unworthy to be put to death in the same 
manner as his Master, and was, therefore, at his own request, crucified with 
his head downward. | | 

The emblems of St. Peter are the crossed keys, one gold and one silver. 


“And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatso- 
ever thou shalt bind on earth, shall be bound in heaven; and whatsoever thou 
shalt loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven.” 

Matt. xvi: 19. 


Also, the cock, on account of Peter’s denial of his Master. 


“And he said, I tell thee, Peter, The cock shall not crow this day, before that 
thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.” 
Luke xxii: 34s 


(2) 


Andrew (manly), brother of Peter. Tradition says he was crucified at 


Patrae in Achaia. 


The emblem of St. Andrew is the cross, called St. Andrew’s Cross. 


| 
(See Plate 1xxxii.) | 
| 

a 


(83) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The Twelve Disciples 


( Continued.) 


C3) 


James the Great (supplanter) was put to death by Herod Agrippa in 
A.D. 44. After his call, Christ gave James and John the name of Boanerges 
(sons of thunder). James was the first martyr among the disciples. 

The emblems of St. James are the pilgrim’s staff and water bottle; 
also, escalloped shell. The shell is used as an emblem of pilgrimage and 


also as an emblem of baptism. 


(4) 
John (Jehovah’s gift) was called the beloved disciple. He was brother 


of James the Great, and was, with him, given the name Boanerges. John 
was«thrown in a cauldron of boiling oil, from the effects of which he was 
miraculously preserved. The date of John’s death is uncertain. He was 
the only disciple who died a natural death. 

St. John’s emblem is a serpent issuing from a chalice. Tradition says 
that a priest of Diana challenged him to drink from a poisoned cup. He 
made the sign of the cross over it, and Satan, in the form of a serpent or 


dragon, flew from the cup. 


(84) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The Twelve Disciples 


( Continued.) 


(5) 


Thomas (a twin), the doubting disciple. He is supposed to have 
suffered martyrdom by a lance, at Coromandel, India, where there are still 
Christian churches which are called by his name. 

The emblem of St. Thomas is a lance, also a carpenter's square. The 
illustration is a square, called a carpenter’s rule by all writers; but it is 


invariably shown as illustrated. 


(6) 


Philip (lover of horses) suffered death by being suspended from a 
lofty column at Hierapolis. 

Emblems of St. Philip are the column and long staff. Two types of 
staff are given, one in the form of the Tau Cross, which is also known as 


St. Anthony’s Cross. 


C7 


Bartholomew (probably Nathanael), called by Christ “an Israelite without 
guile.” Some authorities assert he was crucified, but most writers claim he 


was flayed alive; hence, his emblem, a large knife. 


(85) 


> a — 


Plate XL SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
A The Twelve Disciples 
( Continued. ) 
(1) 


James the Less (called so on account of his being smaller and 
younger than James the Great). Tradition says James was thrown down 
from the temple by scribes and Pharisees; he was then stoned and his 
brains dashed out with a fuller’s club. 


(2) 


Jude—Lebbeus Thaddeus (a man of heart), brother of James the 
Less, is supposed to have been martyred at Berytus about 80 A.D., with 
a club. The emblem of St. Jude is a knotted club; some authorities give 
him a halberd. 

(3) . 

Matthew (gift of Jehovah) was put to death in Parthia with a hatchet; 
hence he is occasionally represented with a hatchet and sometimes with 
a purse or money-bag, as he had formerly been a receiver of taxes. 


(4) 


Simon the Canaanite (a hearing) suffered martyrdom in Persia by 
a saw. The emblem of St. Simon is a saw. 


(5) 

Matthias (gift of God) was elected to fill the place among the twelve 
left vacant by Judas. Matthias suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia by a battle- 
axe. The battle-axe is the emblem of St. Matthias. Sometimes the 
lance is used as his emblem. 

(6) 

Judas Iscariot (a Greek form of the Hebrew name Judah, meaning 
praised, celebrated), the betrayer of Christ. As Judas was treasurer of 
the twelve disciples, his emblem is a money-bag. 


Following are the lists of the Twelve Disciples as the Latin and 
Greek Churches have them: 


Latin List. GREEK LIsT. 
St. Peter. St. James the Less. St. Matthew. St. Andrew. 
St. Paul. St. Philip. St. Philip. St. Thomas. 
St. Andrew. St. Bartholomew. St. Mark. St. Simon. 
St. James the Great. St. Matthew. St. Paul. St. Bartholomew. 
St. John. St. Simon. St. Peter. St. James the Great. 
St. Thomas. St. Matthias. St. Luke. St. John. 

(87) 


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Plate XLI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


“Emblems of the Passion 


Pope Innocent VI (1352-1362) affirmed, in a decree, that the lance, 
nails and other instruments of the Passion are everywhere to be held in 
reverence of all Christian people, and instituted a religious festival in 
their honor. There is no set order for the use of these emblems, but so 
far as practical, I would suggest their being used in their Scriptural 
order. They are very rarely all used in one church. 

The emblems of the Passion can be arranged or combined in a 
great variety of forms. : 

(1) 
The Sacred Heart of Jesus. 


The flames represent the burning love of Christ for the world; out of the 
flames issues the cross, symbolical of his death and glory. 
The crown of thorns encircles the heart. 


(2) 
Column, Scourge and Cock. 


In this connection, the cock is used on account of the prediction of our Lord, 
that it should not crow until Peter had denied him thrice. 


Scourging was a common form of punishment among the Jews. 


See Matthew xxvii: 26; Mark xv: 15; John xix: f. 


The cock is also emblematic of watchfulness and alertness. 
See Matthew xxvi- 34; Mark xiv: 30; Luke xxii: 34; John xitt: 36. 


4 (3) 
The St. Veronica. 


The name Veronica, from “ Vera icon,” the true image, i.e., of Christ, was 
said to have been given to a woman, who, when Jesus was passing her house 
on the way to Calvary, wiped His face with a handkerchief, and, as a reward for 
her love, He left the impression of His face upon the handkerchief. 


(4) 
The Thirty Pieces” of Silver. 


Judas sold our Lord for thirty pieces of silver (i.e., 3£ 10s. 8d., $16.96), the 
legal value of a slave if he were killed by a beast. 


See Matthew xxvi:- 15; Matthew xxvit: 3; Mark xiv: 2. 


Gp 
Lantern. 
They went to seek Jesus with lanterns. See John xviii: 3. 


( 89 ) 


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Plate XLII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
Emblems of the Passion 
( Continued, ) 
Co) 
Chalice.* 
“Tf it be possible, let this chalice pass from me.” 
Matthew xxvi- 39. (See also Mark xiv: 36.) D. 
(2) 
Crown of Thorns; Nails. 
See Matthew xxvit: 29; Mark xv: 17; John xix: 2; John xx: 25. 


, (3) 
Coat without seam. 


See Matthew xxvii: 35; Mark xv: 24; John xxiti: 24. 


(4) 


Hammer and Pincers; used as emblems of the Passion. 


*NoTE.—Be sure, in illustrating the emblems of the Passion, not to use either the wafer or the paten with the chalice; as this 
chalice illustrates, not the Lord’s Supper, but the full measure of our Lord's suffering. 


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(91) 
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Plate XLII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of the Passion 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
Ladder, Sponge and Spear. 


“And immediately one of them running took a sponge, and filled it with 
vinegar; and put it on areed, and gave him to drink.” 


Matthew xxvii: 48. (See also Mark xv: 36; John xix: 29.) D. 


“ But one of the soldiers with a spear opened his side.” 
John xix: 34. D. 


(2) 
The Rope of Judas. 


“ And went and hanged himself with an halter.” 
Matthew xxvii: 5. D. 


The Sword of Peter. 


“Then Simon Peter, having a sword, drew it, and struck the servant of the 
high priest, and cut off his right ear. And the name of the servant was 
Malchus,” 


John xviii: ro. (See also Matthew xxvi: 51; Luke xxii: 50,51.) D. 


Sometimes the ear of Malchus is shown; this may be because its 
healing was the last miracle performed by Christ before the Crucifixion. 


— 


(3) 
Boxes of Ointment, 


“And Nicodemus also came, (he who at the first came to Jesus by night,) 


bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.” 


John xix: 39. D. 


(4) 
Represents the five wounds of Christ. 


(93) 
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Emblems of the Passion 


( Continued.) 
ei) 
Basin and Water Pot. 
“And Pilate . . . . . . taking water washed his hands before 
the people.” 
Matthew xxvii: 2g. D. 
(2) 


Reed. 


“ And platting a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in 
his right hand.” 
Matthew xxvii: 29. D. 


(3) 
Sword and Staves. 


“And while he was yet speaking, cometh Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve: 
and with him a great multitude with swords and staves.” 
Mark xiv: 43. (See also Matthew xxvi: 47.) D. 


(4) 
Chain. 
“And they brought him bound.” 
Matthew xxvii: 2. D. 


(5) 
Linen, in which they wrapped the body of Jesus. 


“ And Joseph taking the body, wrapped it up in a clean linen cloth.” 
Matthew xxvii: 5G. (See alo Mark xu: 46; Luke xxiii 53; John xix: go.) D. 


(95) 


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Plate XLIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


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Plate XLV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS | 


Emblems of the Passion 


( Continued.) 


(I) 


A combination of the five wounds and the cross. The ends of the 


cross are capped with crowns. 


(2) 
The inscription which Pilate placed upon the cross: I. N. R. I. (Jesus 
of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.) 


“And Pilate wrote a title also, and he put it upon the cross. And the writ- 


ing was: Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 
John xix: 19. D. 


- (97) 


Plate XLVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of the Resurrection 


Butterfly and Chrysalis. 


“‘ Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in 


me, though he were dead, yet shall he live.” 
John xi: 25. 


(2) 


The Rising Sun, surmounted by the inscription ‘“‘He is Risen.” 
See Mark xvi: 6. 


OE A eer ED tT 


= (99) 


Piate XLVI ' SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Phenix 


Emblem of Immortality and Resurrection. 

A fabulous bird of antiquity ; was said to be like the eagle in form and 
size, but of very beautiful and vivid plumage, mostly gold colored and 
crimson. 

Amongst the Egyptians it was the emblem of the soul. It was 
said to live about six hundred years, then to make a pyre of aromatic 
gums and spices, light the pile with the fanning of its wings, then to 
be consumed ; and from its ashes it arose, reinvigorated and with its youth 
renewed. Although this myth has long since been proven false, the Phenix 


is still a favorite emblem. 


(101) 


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Plate XLV II SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Rimbi 


The nimbus, like the crown, shows the rank. Generally speaking, the 
more ornamental and decorative the nimbus is made, the higher the rank. 

The nimbus of the Divinity is always the most ornamental, and that of 
the Blessed Virgin is next. Some exceptions may occur in elaborate 
pictures of saints, when they are pictured in churches which bear their names. 

The nimbus is the light, halo, or glory surrounding the heads of the 
Divinity, angels, saints, etc., the various forms of which have their proper 
application and meanings. 


(1) 


Nimbus of God the Father. This is a double triangle, one being set in 
front of the other. The triangle is probably the oldest known emblem of 
the Trinity. 


This form of the nimbus is confined almost exclusively to God the Father, 
very rarely given to God the Son, or God the Holy Ghost; and never to a saint. 


(2) 


A circular form of nimbus of God the Father, containing the trefoil, 
emblematic of the Trinity. 


(3 and 4) 
Cruciform Nimbus. 


This is nearly always the recognized nimbus of the crucified one, i.e., Jesus 
Christ, but is occasionally found depicted in pictures of God the Father, and is 
more frequently found on the dove, representing the Holy Ghost, and is some- 


times by error placed around the heads of saints. 


U5) 
Nimbus of the Blessed Virgin. 


(103 ) 


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Plate XLIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Himbi 


( Continued.) 


C1) 
Nimbus of Moses. 


“ And they saw that the face of Moses when he came out was horned,* but he 
covered his face again, if at any time he spoke to them.” 
Exodus xxxiv: 35. OD. 


(2) 
A form frequently used for all saints, and occasionally on the figures 
of our Lord and Blessed Virgin. 


(3) 


A style of nimbus not often used in this country, but frequently 
employed throughout Europe and more especially in Germany. 


(4) 


Form of nimbus used when pictures of living persons are placed in 
churches. 


(5) 
Generally used when prophets and allegorical figures are represented. 


In the west the nimbi are used exclusively when biblical or religious charac- 
ters are represented, but in the east, and also in Rome before the time of Con- 
stantine, those who were distinguished for any thing or in any way were repre- 
sented with a nimbus. 


The nimbus should be of a bright yellow color; that of Judas, of a dead or 
dirty yellow, while Satan is represented bearing a black nimbus. 


When the glory surrounds the entire figure it is called the aureole. It is 
usually confined to figures of the Deity, occasionally given to the Blessed Virgin, 
especially if she holds the Infant Jesus. Its form generally has no signification. 


* Horned: that is, shining, sending forth rays of light. 


(105 ) 


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Plate L SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Crowns and Sceptres 


€1) 
Crown of the Godhead. 
(2) 
Crown of the Blessed Virgin. 
(3 and 4) 


Crowns of the Saints. 


These forms of the crown are not arbitrary; other forms may be used. But 
crowns for the Godhead are the only ones which should be capped and arched; 
and should be surmounted by the globe and cross. The Virgin’s crown may 
be capped, but not arched. 

When royal personages become illustrious in the church and are pictured, 
the crown to which they were by rank entitled is usually shown at their feet ; 


either in token of humility, or of the minor importance of earthly rank. 


(5) 
Sceptre of the Godhead. 


(6) 
Sceptre of the Blessed Virgin. 


When it is desired to represent Father and Son in the same picture the scep- | 
tres may be varied, substituting the hand (power) for the globe and cross, for | 
the sceptre of the Father; the sceptre of the Son remaining as No. 5. | 

(The crown was an outcome of the wreath; the wreath was the first form 

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of crown known or used. The earliest known crowns were made in imitation of 
wreaths.) 


(107 ) 


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Plate LI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems from the Catacombs 


(1) 
From the Catacomb of St. Pontiatus, Rome. It represents a jeweled 
cross, beautified by the rose of Sharon on either side. 


On the arms are placed torches or lamps, emblematic of light and life ; 
suspended from the arm on the left is the 4, “Alpha, the Beginning,” and on 
the right is the 2, “Omega, the End”: the whole signifying that there are 
beauty, riches, light and life in the cross, and that the cross represents the 
beginning and the end of salvation. 


(2) 


From the crypt of St. Lucina. It is called the Eucharistic carp, and 
bears on its back a basket of bread. 


(3) 


From the Catacomb of St. Domitta ; a bounding lamb with the pastoral 
staff and the milk pail, emblematic of divine nurture. 


1 (4) 


The Cur Ruo. From the Greek word signifying fish, the letters of 
which form the sacred acrostic, ‘‘ Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.” 


(5) 


The ship represents the Church, and the Pharos (lighthouse), Christ, 
the light or guide to the peaceful harbor. 


(6) 


A modius, or Roman peck measure. 

This occurs on tombs in the Catacombs, but is generally passed over 
as having no meaning. I judge it to mean a full and perfect life through 
the Cross. 


« (7 ) 
The souls of the righteous feeding on the true Vine. 
(8) 
From the Julian Basilica. ‘‘ Palma Felicitas”’ (victory won). 
(109 ) 


Plate LII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


with the names. A number of illustrations of titles that are not used in the 
present Liturgy are shown here. These have become favorites and may be 
used on special occasions and under special circumstances ; for instance, 
Mary, Star of the Sea, the Hope of the Mariner, would be appropriately 
used in a church by the seashore. 


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Heart. 
“And thy own soul a sword shall pierce, that, out of many hearts, thoughts 


may be revealed.” 
Luke ti: 35. D. 


( 2 and a) 
Sun, Moon, and Stars. 


“A woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her 
head a crown of twelve stars.” 
Apocalypse xii: r. D, 
“Who is she that cometh forth as the morning rising, fair as the moon, 
bright as the sun.” 


The emblems of the Blessed Virgin are illustrated as often without as 


Canticles vi: 9. D. 


“Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it done to me according to thy 


word.” 
Luke i: 78 D. 


(4) 
Gate of Heaven. 
“Indeed the Lord is in this place, and I knew it not. ... This is no other 
but the house of God, and the gate of heaven.” 


Genesis xxviii: 16,17. D. 


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Plate LILI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
Enclosed Garden. 


See Canticles iv: 12. D. 


(2) 
Lily of the Valley. 


“T am the flower of the field, and the lily of the valleys.” 


Canticles ii: r. D. 


‘‘ As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.” 


Canticles ti: 2, D. 


; (3) 
Morning Star. 


“T Jesus have sent my angel, to testify to you these things in the churches. 
I am the root and stock of David, the bright and morning star.” 


Apocalypse xxii: 16. D. 


(4) 
Tower of David. 


“For he is my God and my saviour: he is my protector, I shall be moved 
no more.” 


Psalms lxi: 3. D. 


(113) 


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Plate LIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


( Continued.) 


Ci) 
Mystical Rose. 


(2) 
Exalted Cedar. 


“T was exalted like a cedar in Libanus.” 


(3) 
Root of Jesse. 


“And there shall come forth a rod out of the root of Jesse, and a flower shall 
rise up out of his root.” 


Isaias xi: zr. D. 


(4) 
Enclosed Well. 


“ My sister, my spouse, is a garden enclosed, a garden enclosed, a fountain 
sealed up.” 


Canticles iv: 12. D. 


The foliage of the root of Jesse is often that of the vine; symbolical 
of spiritual fruitfulness. 


“TI am the vine, ye are the branches.” 


Olive and pomegranate are also used; the illustration is myrtle. 


(115) 


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Plate LV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


( Continued. ) 


(1) 
Olive Branch. 


(2) 
Spotless Mirror. 


“For she is the brightness of eternal light, and the unspotted mirror of 


God’s majesty, and the image of His goodness.” 
Wisdom vii: 26. D. 


(3) 
City of God. 


“And I heard a great voice from the throne, saying : Behold the tabernacle 
of God with men, and he will dwell with them. And they shall be his people: and 


God himself with them shall be their God.” 
Apocalypse xxi: 3. D. 


(117) 


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Plate LVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


( Continued.) 


CE) 
Fountain. 


“ The fountain of gardens: the well of living waters, which run with a strong 


stream from Libanus.” 
Canticls tv: 15. D. 


(2) 
Star of the Sea. 


(3) 
Tower of Ivory. 


“Thy neck is a tower of ivory.” 
Canticles vit: g. WD. 


(4) 
Queen of Heaven. 


See Apocalypse xii: 1. D. 


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Plate LVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Litany of the Blessed Virgin 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
House of Gold. 


Seat of Wisdom. 


(3) 
Vessel of Honor. 


The later idea of dispensing with the use of diphthongs has been adopted 
in the writing of these Latin titles. 


(4) 


Cherubs are so frequently used in connection with this subject that 
three are given here. 


Ark of the Covenant is also an emblem of the Litany. (See Plate xix.) 


Be ee 


Plate LVIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Bambino (Child) 


In this connection, the Christ Child. 


A figure of the Child Jesus, represented in the manger. It is exposed 
in the churches from Christmas to Epiphany. 


St. Francis of Assisi was the originator, in the early part of the 13th century. 
It is usually highly decorated, and sometimes adorned with jewels. 


Rosary 


A complete rosary has fifteen large, and one hundred and fifty small 
beads, S/lihe..ionmer. representsthe™ Pater Nosters,;’ the latter the’ ‘‘Ave 


Marias,”’ in imitation of the one hundred and fifty Psalms, recited by the 
Clergy. 


The rosary as used now was instituted by St. Dominic, though the beads 
were used for this purpose before his time. 


The festival of the rosary was instituted by Gregory XIIL., after the battle of 
Lepanto, A.D. 1571. 


Wafer 


A thin, circular disk of unleavened bread, used in the celebration of 
the Eucharist. 


The wafer is usually stamped with the form of the cross, crucifix, Agnus Dei, 
or the sacred monogram. 


The wafer takes its shape from the form of the bread used in the church, by 
the Jews, in the apostolic days. 


' Ring 
Rosary Ring. 


Formerly much used throughout Europe. 


Scapular 


Two small pieces of cloth connected by strings, and worn over 
the shoulders. 


A token of devotion in honor of the Virgin. 


The originator of the scapular was St. Benedict. 


Censers 


The censer is a vessel in which incense is burned before the altar. 
It is swung in the hand by chains. (See Num. iv: 14) 


They are used in the Roman Catholic, the Greek, and in some Anglican 
churches. 


(123) 


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Plate LIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
Riches of the Sacred Heart. 


“ As the hart panteth after the fountains of water; so my soul panteth after 


thee, O God.” 
Psalms xli: 2. D. 


Feast of the most Sacred Heart of Jesus. 


Christ appeared to Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque, and promised her that 
His heart should be dilated to impart abundantly the influence of its divine love 
to those who shall render this honor, or cause it to be rendered to His heart. 

Father de la Colombiere, S.J., was the first disciple to consecrate himself to 
the heart of Jesus. This consecration took place June 21st, 1675, the Friday 
after the octave of Corpus Christi. 


(2) 
Emblems of the Order of the Rosary, consisting of the lily (emblem 
of the Blessed Virgin), eleven flaming hearts and the rosary. 


Sometimes this emblem is made with a smaller six-pointed star (Creator’s) 
surrounded by a larger six-pointed star, the points of the larger star going below 
the centre lily, and above the base of the cross at the top, the space being greater 
between the two points than in the illustration. 


Souls in keeping of the Blessed Virgin. 


Some say that as the number of hearts shown are always eleven, they are 


the hearts of the disciples. But I can find no authority for this reading of the 
emblem. 


(125) 


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Plate LX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEM 


(I) 
The Persecuted Soul. 


Even at the feet of Jesus the faithful soul finds trials. 


“And all that will live godly in Christ Jesus, shall suffer persecution.” 


2 Timothy itis 12, D. 


~ G2z) 
The Treasures of the Cross. 


‘“‘And now there remain faith, hope, and charity, these three: but the greatest 


of these is charity.” 
1 Corinthians xiti: 13. D. 


“ But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus 
Christ ; by whom the world is crucified to me, and I to the world.” 
Galatians vi: 14. D. 


(127) 


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Plate LXI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
The Boat preferred to the Cross. 


The soul about to start on life’s voyage is apt to prefer the boat to the cross. 


You cannot find a safer path than God’s. 


“ He that feareth man, shall quickly fall: he that trusteth in the Lord, shall be 
set on high.” 


Proverbs xxix: 25. D. 


(2) 
Happy Crossing. The Start. 


The soul has chosen the cross. 
The vision of the cross which guides you shall appear in the heaven when 


the Lord shall come to judge the world. 


“And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall 
all tribes of the earth mourn: and they shall see the Son of man coming in the 


clouds of heaven with much power and majesty.” 
Matthew xxiv: 30. D. 


(129) 


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Plate LXIU SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Release and Flight of the Soul 


The broken column represents death. 
The tower is the Church. The Church makes the way plain and 


leads to the Cross. 


“To deliver their souls from death.” 
Psalms xxxit: 19. Dr 


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Plate LXIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Attributes of Saints 


Some saints bear more than one attribute. The attribute first 
mentioned is the one most frequently used. 


(1) Millstone 

St. Aurea. 

St. Callixtus. 

St. Christina, also the arrow, palm and crown. 

St. Florian had the millstone tied around his neck, and then was thrown in 
the river. Florian has also a pitcher of water, with which he put out a conflagra- 
tion. 

St. Quirinus, Bishop. 

St. Victor of Marseilles. 


(2) Cauldron 


St. Cecilia, an organ, a crown of roses, a roll of music, a palm, and a cauldron 
of boiling water. 

St. Fausta, a cauldron of boiling lead. 

St. Felicitas, a cauldron of boiling oil. 

St. John the Disciple was thrown into a cauldron of boiling oil, from the 
effects of which he was miraculously saved. The cauldron is used as one of his 
attributes. 

St. Vitus, a cauldron of boiling oil, the palm, lion, wolf and cock. 


(3) [Pincers 


St. Agatha, also the scourge, a salver with the breast on it, and the. palm ; 
sometimes she has the shears beside her. 

St. Apollonia has the pincers with her tooth in them, also the palm and fire. 

St. Dunstan has red hot pincers. 

St. Lucy has her eyes on a dish, with or without the awl, also the pincers and 
palm. 

St. Macra. 


St. Pelagius, red hot pincers; a javelin is thrust in his shoulder. 


(4) Hrrows 


St. Sebastian, also has the palm. 
St. Teresa, book, pen and arrow. 
St. Ursula, the crown of the princess, staff of the pilgrim, a white banner 


with a red cross on it, an arrow, and a broad mantle with maidens under it, and a 
dove. 


(5) Wheel 


St. Catherine of Alexandria has the wheel, which is usually broken (the wheel 


was broken by divine interposition), also the crown of royalty, the palm and 
book. 


St. Euphemia. 
St. Quintin, also an iron spit. 


(132) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Attributes of Satnts 


( Continued. ) 


(6) Sword 


St. Adrian, also an anvil. “ The anvil is an emblem of death.” 

St. Agnes has a lamb, sword and fire, 

St. Alban, also a fountain springing up at his feet, his cloak is also spread 
at his feet. 

St. Angelus has his sword thrust in him, also has a book and palm, with three 
crowns. 

St. Barbara has a tower with three windows, the chalice and wafer, a book, 
palm, also the sword. She was beheaded by her father. 

St. Celsus, also palm. 

St. Chrysogonus, also palm. 

Sts. Cyprian and Justina of Antioch. Cyprian is represented as a Greek 
bishop without the mitre, bearing a palm and sword and trampling magical books 
under his feet. Justina holds the palm, and the unicorn (emblem of chastity) is 
at her feet. 

St. Henri, the sword; and the world, surmounted by a cross, crown and mitre, 
on his head. 

St. Justina of Padua, a sword transfixing her bosom. 

St. Margaret, the dragon and standard, chain in her hand, also palm, and the 
sword at her feet. 

St. Martine, a sword cutting his mantle in half, on account of his charitable- 
ness. 

St. Paul has the sword; he was beheaded at Rome. 

St. Susanna, also palm. 

St. Thomas of Canterbury represented as a Bishop, has the sword, palm and 
axe. 


(7) Palette 


St. Luke. He is said to have painted the likeness of the Blessed Virgin. 
St. Raphael, the celebrated artist. 


(8) Crown of Thorns 


St. Catherine of Ricci, also crucifix, scourge, and bears the stigmata. 

St. Catherine of Siena, also rosary, cross entwined with lily, and bears the 
stigmata. 

St. Louis of France, also his kingly crown and sword. 


(9) Gridiron 
St. Gorgon, also a palm. 


St. Lawrence the Deacon, sometimes he has a dish of money, and the palm. 


(10) Book and Flask 


St. Walburga after her death was entombed in a rock (near Eichstadt) from 
which exuded a wonderful oil: it was called Walpurgis oil, and many remark- 
able cures were effected by its use. This oil was thought to proceed from the 
remains of the saint. 


(134) 
Fr 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Attributes of Saints 


( Continued. ) 


(11) Sun 


St. Thomas Aquinas’s attributes are the books or book, pen or inkhorn, the 
sacramental cup (on account of his having composed the office of the Blessed 
Sacrament), and on his breast he bears a sun, which sometimes has an eye 
within it. 

(When a saint bears a sun on the breast it symbolizes the light of wisdom.) 


(12) Rose 


A conventional treatment of the rose, much used in church decorations. In 
England it is called the Tudor rose. 


The names and attributes of some other saints are given in the 
following list: 


Albertus Magnus (instructor of Thomas Aquinas), book and pen. 

St. Aloys has the lily cross, and beads and crown at feet. 

St. Alphege has his chasuble full of stones. 

St. Ambrose, a knotted scourge, sometimes a bee-hive at his feet. 

St. Antonius, crosier, balances, and bears the stigmata. 

St. Antony, lily and crucifix. 

St. Antony of Hungary has a club. 

St. Augustine, represented as a bishop, has a Beale a flaming heart on his 
breast (emblem of divine love) ; he bears the stigmata. 

St. Balbino, chains in her hand or near her. 

St. Bavon has a falcon. 

St. Benedict has a staff and water-bottle, crucifix, rosary, and a shell on 
his right shoulder. 

St. Benedict, founder of the Benedictine Order, open book, chalice, wafer, 
roll, crow at feet. 

St. Beno, a fish with a key in its mouth. 

St. Bernard of Clairvaux, demon fettered behind him, three mitres on his 
book, a bee-hive (emblem of eloquence). 

St. Bibiana, scourge and dagger. 

St. Blaise of Sebaste, an iron woo! comb. 

St. Bonaventura, represented as an archbishop. 

St. Brice carries red-hot coals in his hands unhurt. 

St. Bridget, book and pen. 

St. Charles Borromeo, represented barefooted, one hand raised in benedic- 
tion, a book in the other. Sometimes in cardinal’s robes, a chalice in one hand 
and wafer in the other. 


NOTE.—Stigmata are marks upon the bodies of certain saints, representing the wounds our Lord received at His 


(135) 


Aaa R 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Lttributes of Saints 


( Continued.) 


St. Christopher bears the Christ Child on his back, and a bough in his hand. 

St. Clara had the pyx containing the host, lily, cross, and palm. 

St. Clement has an anchor. 

St. Coleta has a sheep in her arms, a staff with banner on it. 

Sts. Cosmos and Damian have a jar and a box of ointment. 

St. Crispin has an awl and shoemaker’s knife. 

St. Cunibert has a dove. 

St. Cuthbert has an otter and the head of St. Oswald. 

St. Denis, Patron of France, has a severed head. 

St. Dominick has a dog by his side, a star on or above his head, a lily in one 
hand, a book in the other. Founder of the Dominican Order. 

St. Dorothea of Cappadocia has roses in her hand or on her head; or a basket 
with three apples and three roses held by an attendant angel. 

St. Elizabeth of Hungary has roses. 

St. Elgins has hammer in his hand with crown on it. Bishop. 

St. Eugenius has.a club. 

St. Francis Borgia has a skull with a crown on it. 

St. Francis de Sales, represented as a bishop, with a flaming heart on his 
breast. 

St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscans, bears the stigmata, and has 
a book in his hand. 

St. Francis Xavier has a ship and a crucifix. 

St. Genevieve of Paris has a flock of sheep, a distaff, and holds cake in her 
dress. 

St. George, Patron Saint of England and Russia. The Dragon. 

St. Gertrude, a book and pen, and has a heart on her breast. 

St. Giles has a wounded hind. 

St. Gregory the Great has a dove. 

St. Guillielmus has a taustaff. 

St. Helena has a cross, crown, a book on a stand, and four nails on a cushion 


beside her. 

St. Hilarius has a closed book, a dragon at his feet. He is represented as a 
bishop. : 

St. Hubert has a stag with a crucifix between its horns, also a horn and a 
lance. 


St. Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, has a swan. 

St. Ignatius Loyola (founder of the order of the Jesuits), has a book and 
pen, and the seal of the order (I. H. S.) above his head. 

St. Jean of Nepomuk has a palm and cross on one hand, seven stars in nim- 
bus, a padlock (denoting silence) on his mouth or in his hand, also a bridge in 
his hand. 

St. Jeanne de Toulouse has a lily and crucifix, and a globe surmounted by a 
cross under one foot. 

St. Jerome has a book and a lion. 

St. John Berchmans has a book, a rosary in hand and seal of Jesuits. 

St. John of the Cross has an eagle at his feet, a cross in one hand. 

St. Joannes Coloniensis has a palm and a monstrance. 

St. Julian Hospitator has a stag, 


(136) 


———————————— er 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Eittributes of Saints 


( Continued. ) 


St. Lambert, represented as a bishop, has a book in his hand; also has a 
palm and javelin. 

St. Leonard has a chain; sometimes bears a crosier. 

St. Ludgerus has a church, an eagle at his feet, and bears the stigmata. 

St. Margaret of Cortona has a dog. (The dog is an emblem of fidelity.) 

St. Mathilde has a church and a crucifix. 

St. Maurus has a book or a censer. 

St. Monica, mother of Saint Augustine. 

St. Neot has a pilgrim’s staff and wallet. 

St. Nicholas, represented as a bishop, three balls on the ground near him. 

St. Norbert has a cup with a spider over it; he is represented as an arch- 
bishop. 

St. Ottilia, a palm or crosier, two eyes on a book. 

St. Patrick, Patron Saint of Ireland, represented with a staff and wallet, and 
standard with cross. He is usually represented by the seashore expelling snakes. 

St. Petronius has a model of Bologna in his hand. 

St. Petrus de Verona, book and palm, a dagger thrust in his shoulder. 

St. Pharailde, a goose and three cakes at the feet. 

St. Phocas of Sinope has a spade. 

St. Pius Quintus, a cross and three crowns, a rosary, and bears the stigmata. 

St. Placides has the palm. 

Sts. Praxedes and Pudentiana have a cup ard sponge. 

St. Prisca has a palm and a lion at her feet. 

St. Procopius, a wounded hind. 

St. Proculux, an axe. 

St. Raymond has his lips bored through with a red-hot iron and fastened 
with a padlock. 

St. Raymond de Pennaforte, a book and key, also a mantle on which he 
floats out to sea. 

St. Reparata has the standard or banner (symbol of victory), crown and 
palm. 
St. Roch has a dog and staff. 

St. Romoldus, represented as a bishop. 

St. Sabina has a palm. 

St. Salomea, a lily, crucifix, crown, and the earth surmounted by the cross 
on a table at her side. 

St. Stanislas Koatka, a lily. 

St. Stanislaus, represented as a bishop, with a book in hand, beggar at his 
feet. 

St. Thecla has the palm, and beasts around her. 

St. Tonatiane, represented as a bishop, with seven lights. 

St. Victor, represented as a Roman soldier. 

St. Vincent, a crow or raven. (Vincent the Deacon.) 

St. Vincent de Paul, represented as a priest, with an infant in his arms. 

St. Vincent Ferrer, represented with wings, has an open book in his hand, 
also a crucifix. 

St. Wilhelm of Aquitaine, a skull, cross, armor at his side, water bottle and 
cakes. 


(137) 


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(1) 


This emblem is called God-Bidden, God-Living (called and living to 
God.) It represents the most sacred vessels of the church used only by the 


priest. 


(2) 
Attributes of those in Minor Orders. 
The holy vessels used by those in minor orders. As they are 


occasionally used in church decoration, they are properly shown here. 


(139) 


Plate LXV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Monograms 


Cr) 
A, Alpha; 2, Omega. 


The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. Alpha (beginning), 
Omega (end); Christ is all in all, the beginning and the end. 


“Tam Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.”’ 
Revelation xxii: 13. 

“Tam Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord.” 
Revelation i: 8. 


(2) 


X. P. Earliest known form of monogram. It is sometimes wrongly 
called the Labarum. 


The labarum is the standard which bears the chrisma, the X. P. 
The first two letters of the Greek word for Christ (XPJX TOS) are Cut, Ruo. 
The monogram is found on the tombs of the Christian martyrs of the second 


century. Sometimes the X is turned into R, implying Rex, the Kingship of 
Christ. 


(3) 
tl. B.S: om bl. HAE 


No symbol or emblem has caused so much discussion as this monogram. It 
is contended that it was originally J. H. &., the first two and last letters of the 
Greek word JH2':0YS (Jesus), but its origin was lost sight of, and the Latin 
letter S substituted for the X, and a Latin word for each letter. I* or J, Jesus; 
H, Hominum ; S, Salvator ;—“ Jesus the Saviour of man.” Also, ‘(In Hoc Salus” 
and “In Hoc Signo,” meaning, “In this (cross) is salvation,” “ By this sign” 
(conquer). It was usual to put the mark of abbreviation over the letters I. H. S. 
This mark was altered into a cross, and it became the I. H. S. as it is now used 
in the Roman Church. 


(4) 
oS 


(5) 
I: H. @ Amother form of I. H. S. 


The C and S are very similar in the Greek, the C being used by some au- 
thorities in preference to the S, as they claim it to be nearer the original. 


* Formerly there was no J in the Latin language, hence the use of the letter I. 


(141) 


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Plate LXVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
Monograms 
( Continued) 
(1) 


A. Alpha separate with cross. 


(2) 


2. Omega separate with cross. 


(3) 


Alpha and Omega combined with cross. 


( 4 and 5) 
Two other forms of the I. H. S. 


(143) 


4 


Plate LX VII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Monograms 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
Alpha and Omega. 


(2) 
I. H. S. (Previously explained opposite Plate Ixv.) 


(3) 
Cur Ruo and I. H. S. combined. 


(4) 
I. H. C. (Previously explained opposite Plate Ixv.) 


(5) 
Alpha and Omega combined. 


Y—-———_— <<  —— S 


Plate LXVIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 
Monograms 
( Continued.) 
Gi) 


A.M., Ave Maria. (Hail Mary.) 
A devotional prayer. 


(2) 


Maria. The whole name is formed by the monogram. 


(3) 
Ornamental A. M. (Ave Maria.) 


(4) 
Fleur-de-Lis. 


A conventional treatment of the lily. Emblem of the Virgin; also of purity, 
chastity and virtue. 


(5) 


Monogram. Jesus and Maria. 
(6) 


This form of the I. H. S. was adopted by the Jesuits as the badge 
of their order. 


(147) 


Plate LXIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Monograms 


( Continued.) 


(1) 


I. H.S. First two and last letters in the Greek word for Jesus. 


(2) 


X. P.s. First two and last letters in the Greek word for Christ. 


(3) 
The J (Iota), for Jesus, and xX (Chi), for Christ, surrounded by the 
circle of eternity or perfection. 
(4) 


Cross and monogram of Jesus Christ combined. 


CS) 


Two capital Gammas, crossed; said to be the signum or sign of faith 
in the Crucified, and is called a fylfot or swastika. 


(6) 


Emblem of the Trinity, with the Greek letters meaning, ‘I AM THAT 
I aM” 
beginning and without end. 


in the centre; enclosed within the circle of perfection, without 


Radiating from the triangle are the Greek and St. Andrew crosses. 
Between the spaces are flaming tongues representing the activity of the love 
of the Spirit. 


(149) 


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Plate LXX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Monograms 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
The souls of the redeemed in the hand of the Almighty. 


“In whose hand is the soul of every living thing and the breath of all 
mankind.” 


Job 12: 10. 


(2) 


Greek form of Benediction. 


In the Greek form of benediction the forefinger is extended to resemble the 
letter I, while the middle finger is bent in a C-like form. The thumb and third 
finger are crossed to make an X, and the little finger is bent into a C again, so 


that we get I C, X C, the initial and final letters of the Greek name for Jesus 
Christ. 


C3) 
6 Omicrony $2 eOmega, Ne Nu 


“Tam,” or “ He who is.” 
(4) 
A. Alpha. MM. Mu. 2 Omega. 


The commencement, middle and end of the Greek alphabet. 
Christ comprises in himself the past, present and future. Christ is all in all. 


| (5) 
LC. d ifesus.Onx eG): (Christ: 

(6) 
MP OY. The Mother of God. 

(7) 
X. PAINE Our slord Jesus ‘Christ. 

(8) 


Combination of the Cross and IC. XC. NI. KA. 


Jesus Christ the Conqueror. Surrounded by the circle, it means Eternal 
and Perfect Conqueror. 


(151) 


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Plate LXXI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
Lamp; emblem of light and knowledge. It is also used as an 
emblem of religious fervor and zeal. 


“Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, 


and glorify your Father which is in heaven.” 
Matthew v: 16. 


The lamps of the early Christians were found in abundance in the Catacombs. 


(2) 
Open Book; signifies perfect intelligence. 


“Thy word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path.” 


Psalms exix: 105. 


The scroll or roll is used as an emblem of prophecy and partial light. 


(3) 
The Word and the Light. 


When space is an object, the bible and lamp are often used together. 


(4) 
Cross and Bible. 


“Take up his cross and follow me.” 
Mark viti: 34. 


(153) 


<——— 
Plate LXXILI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Hrmour of God 


‘Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able 
to withstand in the evil day, and, having done all, to stand. 

“Stand, therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the 
breastplate of righteousness ; 

“And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; 

“ Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench 
all the fiery darts of the wicked. 

“And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the 


word of God.” 
Ephesians vi: 13-17. 


(155) 


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Plate LX XIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblems of Baptism and Regeneration 


(1) 
Font and Water Lily. 


“ Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the 
name of Jesus Christ, for the remission of sins.” Acts ii: 38. 


Emblems of Communion 


(2) 
Chalice. 


“For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show the Lord’s 
death till he come.” 1 Corinthians xi: 26. 


Grape-Vine. If used in connection with the chalice, means the 
blood of Christ. 


“After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, 
This cup is the new testament in my blood.” 1 Corinthians xi: a5. 


If used alone, it is emblematic of Christ. 


“T am the true vine.” Joh xv: 


Wheat. If used with the chalice, means the body of Christ. 


“And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat; this is my 
body.” I Corinthians xi: 14. 


i 


(3) 
All-Seeing Eye. “The omnipresence of the Triune God.” 
“The eyes of the Lord are in every place, beholding the evil and the good.” 
Proverbs xv: 3. 
: (4) 
Hour Glass. ‘“ Time.” 
“So teach us to number our days.” Psalms xe: 12. 
Snake with its tail in its mouth. A very ancient emblem of Eternity. 
The snake is an emblem of Wisdom. 


(157) 


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Plate LXXIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


xxvi: 26), it is also an emblem of his Church, and of a finished life 
through him. 


“ Let both grow together until the harvest : and in the time of harvest I will 
say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to 


burn them ; but gather the wheat into my barn.” 
Matthew xiti: 30. 


(2) 
Chalice and Paten. Emblems of the Lord’s Supper. 


_“ And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave 
to them, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. 
“And he took the cup; and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: 
and they all drank of it.” 


dip 
Wheat. Besides being emblematic of the body of Christ (See Matt. 


Mark xiv: 22, 23. 


(3) 


Cross and Crown. 


“Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him 


deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.” 
; Matthew xvi: 24. 


“Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness.” 


2 Timothy w: 8. 


(4) 
Anchor, Cross and Crown. 


“Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast.” 


Hebrews vi: 19. 


(159) 
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Plate LXXV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


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A conventional arrangement of the Lily, Crown and Text. 


Lily—purity. 
Crown—victory or reward. 


(2) 
Cornucopia; emblematic of offering. 


“And the feast of harvest, the first-fruits of thy labours which thou hast sown 
in thy field ; and the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when 
thou hast gathered in thy labours out of the field.” 


Exodus xxiii: 16. 


(3) 


Nativity emblem. Containing the world, surmounted by the Cross, 
with the steps Faith, Hope and Charity. (Meaning Salvation for all.) 


The ends of the arms of the cross are finished with the fleur de lis (purity), 
or may be said to refer to the Blessed Mother. It also contains the Christmas 
morning text, “ Peace on earth; ” the stars, and the angels’ song, “Alleluia.” 

The outer form is emblematic of the Trinity. 


(4) 


Emblem in connection with the Nativity. Contains the quotation 
from Matthew: “When they saw the Star, they rejoiced with exceeding 
great joy.” 

Star (Creator's) and the offering of the Wise Men. 


“And when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; 
gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.” 

Vatikccs zi > IT. 

The outer form is the fish form symbol, which was so much used on the 


tombs of the Christians in the Catacombs. It is called Vesica piscis. 


(161) 


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Plate LXXVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


The Cross symbolizes Faith; the Anchor, Hope; the Bible, Charity. 


“And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these 


is charitv.” 
I Corinthians xiii: 13. 


(2) 


The Cross here symbolizes Trials; the Palms, Victory; the Crown, 
Reward. 


“ Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall 


receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.” 


James t: 12. 


The form of cross used in this emblem is called the cross of Iona. It is the 
earliest known form of the cross used in Great Britain, and is still in general use 
there. 


(Any form of the cross can be substituted for this one.) 


( 163) 


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Plate LXX VII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
Sword and Balances 


Two meanings can be taken from this emblem. 
The first, Justice and Judgment. 


“Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: 
I am the Lord your God.” 
Leviticus xix: 36. 


“Tf I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment, I will 
render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that hate me.” 
Deuteronomy xxxii: 41. 


The second, Sword of the Spirit and Truth. 
“ The sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.” 
Ephesians vi: 17. 


“A false balance is abomination to the Lord: but a just weight is his de- 
light.” 


Proverbs xi: @. 


(2) 
Flight of Time and Certainty of Death 


The Hour Glass symbolizes Time; the Scythe, Death. 


“Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the 


Son of man cometh.” 
Matthew xxv: 13- 


“Remember how short my time is: wherefore hast thou made all men in 
vain? 
“What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death ?” 
Psalms lxxxix: $7, 48. 


(165) 


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Plate LXX VII 5 SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Torches and Wreaths 


Cr) 
Life and Peace. 


The erect burning torch is emblematic of life; the olive, of peace. 


(2) 
Death and Victory. 


The inverted flameless torch is emblematic of death, and the laurel, 


of victory. 


Very many of the early converts to Christianity were from among 
the Heathens and Pagans. Their early training influenced their ideas 
after conversion. They were familiar with many of the emblems of the 
Greeks, and used them with new ideas in their religion. These emblems 


are from the early Greeks. 


Life and Peace, Death and Victory, through Jesus Christ. 


(167) 


Plate LXXIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Crown. Emblematic of reward. 


“And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of 


glory that fadeth not away.” 
xz Peter vs 4. 


In this connection the cross signifies trials and tribulations here ; the 


crown, reward hereafter. 


(2) 


Cut Flowers. Emblematic of death. 


“As for man, his days are as grass; as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. 
“For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall 


know it no more.” 
Psalms citt: 15, 16. 


“They are like grass which groweth up. 


“In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down, 


and withereth.” 


Psalms xc: 5, 6. 


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Plate LXXX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Bee=Hive 


The bee and ant are emblematic of work and labor. 


Around the bee-hive is heard the buzz of the busy bee. Hence the 


bee-hive is used as an emblem of eloquence, and sometimes, of industry. 


(2) 


Balances 


The honor, glory and riches of this world are as nothing, when 


weighed in the balance, against the Cross of Christ. 


“Lay not up to yourselves treasures on earth: where the rust, and moth 
consume, and where thieves break through and steal. 
“But lay up to yourselves treasures in heaven: where neither the rust nor 


- moth doth consume, and where thieves do not break through, nor steal.” 
Matthew vi: 19,20. D. 


“And Jesus looking on him, loved him, and said to him: One thing is want- 
ing unto thee: go, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt 


have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.” 
Mark x: 21. 


(171) 


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Plate LXXXI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Crosses 


The cross is pre-eminently the symbol of Christianity. 


(1) 
Papal. 
(2) 
Greek, also St. George’s and St. Patrick’s; when used for St. Patrick 
the cross is red. 


(3) 


Patriarchal. 


(4) 
Calvary. The three steps represent Faith, Hope and Charity. 


C50 
Maltese. The points symbolize the eight beatitudes. 


(6) 
Jerusalem. The Greek cross with an arm on the end of each arm, 
to represent the displacement of the Old Testament by the Cross. 
Also known as the Teutonic cross. 


C7) 
The Slavonic Cross. St. Andrew was the first missionary to the | 
Slavs, and the first to interpret the Bible in their language. Hence 
their crosses generally bear one-half of the St. Andrew cross. 


(8) 


A lettered Greek cross. 
Rex,—King. Lex,—Law. Pax,—Peace. Lux,—Light. 


4 (9) 
Cross of Lorraine. 


(173) 


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Plate LXXXII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Crosses 
( Continued.) 


(1) 


Cross of St. Andrew, known as the cross of humility. 


(2) 


Decorative Cross, with the Fleur-de-Lis. 


(3) 
Pectoral Cross. 


(4) 


Cross quartered with the four gospels, found in the catacombs of the 
early ages. 


This is the first style of representing the evangelists. 


(5 and 6) 
Ornamental Crosses. 


(175) 


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Plate LXXXII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Latin Cross 


Embellished with the Passion Flower. The cross can be ornamented 


in a number of ways, according to the taste of the artist. 


Harp. (Much used.) 


“Praise the Lord with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instru- 


ment of ten strings.” 
Psalms xxxtti: 2. 


Lyre. (Also frequently used). 
Enclosing both musical instruments is a conventional treatment of 
the morning glory. 


The morning glory is emblematic of the Resurrection. 


NoTE.—When using conventional foliage for church decoration, keep, if possible, the leaves in clusters of three, as much 


on account of its meaning as its architectural correctness. 


(177) 


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Plate LXXXIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Celtic Cross 


The celebrated Aberlemno Cross, formed of a single slab seven feet 
high, 


(From Owen Jones’s ‘“‘Grammar of Ornament.’’) 


(179) 


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Plate LXXXV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
The Anchor is an emblem of hope. 
The Fish is an emblem of Christ and Baptism. 
The Anchor and Fish together, emblematic of hope in Christ. 


(2) 
Cross (Church) on the Rock. 


“Upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not pre- 
vail against it.” 
Matthew xvi: 18. 


(3) 
The Sunflower. 


Emblem of the Sun or source of light; occasionally it is placed in 
the outer circle of the nimbus. 


It is frequently used in church decoration. 


(4) 

The Peacock. 

The peacock is seldom used now; it is supposed. now to represent 
pomp and vanity, but in the early church it was used as an emblem of 
the Resurrection, on account of its losing its beautiful feathers and 
restoring them yearly, and its flesh was said to be incorruptible. It was 
used as an emblem of the glorified spirit. The peacock is frequently 
represented without nimbus, and not standing on a globe. 


(181) 


Plate LXXXVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Geometrical FForms 


(1) ; 


Triangle—Trinity and Equality. When other than the equilateral 
form is used it then signifies “Jehovah, I am that I am,” and is said to 
express three attributes of the Deity—tTo BE, TO THINK, TO SPEAK. 


(2) 
Square—Earth and Life, and earthly life. 


(3) 


Circle—Perfection and Eternity. Without beginning or end. 
Triangle within circle—the Eternity of the Trinity. 


(4) 


Square within circle—the Eternity of life. 


(5) 


Five-pointed Star contains five Alphas, and is called the Star of 
Beauty. Once called the Symbol of Health, and held to be a talisman 
against witchcraft, and that it pointed out the five places the Saviour was 
wounded. 


(6) 
Six-pointed Star—the Creator. 


( 183) 


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Plate LXXXVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Geometrical Forms 


( Continued.) 
(1) 
Seven-pointed Star. Represents the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost. 


Seven days of the week, seven branches to the candlestick of Moses, 
seven churches of Asia, seven mysterious seals, seven stars in the right 


hand of God, seven trumpets, seven Heavens, etc. 


(2) 


Eight-pointed Star. Regeneration. 


(3) 


Octagon. Emblematic of regeneration; for this reason very often 


used for the ground plan of fonts. 


(4) 


Nine-pointed Star. Represents the fruits of the Holy Spirit: love, 
joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness and 


temperance. 


(6) 


Twelve-pointed Star. The Disciples. 


(185) 


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Plate LXXXVII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblematic Flowers 


Gr) 
Almond. 


When making the candlesticks for the Tabernacle, Moses was 
commanded to make the bowls like the almond. 


“Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one 
branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop 
and a flower: so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick. 

“And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with 


their knops and their flowers.” 
Ex. XXU> 33) 34+ 


The Jews still carry branches of the almond tree to the synagogue on 
great festivals. 


(2) 
Balm of Gilead. 


Solomon was given a root by the Queen of Sheba, and he carefully 
cultivated it in the plains of Jericho. 


It was of great value, and was one of the trophies carried by Titus to Rome. 


Mixed with oil, it constitutes the chrism of the Roman Catholic Church. 


(187) 


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(3) 
Fig ; emblematic of prosperity. 


“And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under 


his fig-tree.” 
1 Kings tv: 25. 


“ But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig-tree.” 
- Micah wv: 4. 


(4) 


Frankincense. 


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See Ex. xxx: 34; Lev. it: 16. 
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It is called frank because of the freeness with which, when burned, it 
gives forth its odor. It burns for a long time, and has a steady flame. 


SF ee Sh EY SOC 


Frankincense was among the gifts offered to Jesus at his birth. 


“They presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh.” 
Matt. ti: 12. 


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SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(5) 


Hyssop. 


Very rarely used emblematically. It was used for sprinkling in the 
ceremony of purification. 


“ He took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and 


hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people.” 
Heb. ix: 19. 


“Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.” 
Psalms li: 7, 


It was on a stem of hyssop that the sponge was given to Christ on the 


cross at Calvary. 
Sohn xix: 209. 


(6) 
Lentiles. 
The great use of this food during Lent by the poorer classes through- 
out Europe, is supposed by many to have given to the fast its present name. 
It was for a dish of red lentiles that Esau sold his birthright. 


“Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles ; and he did eat and 


drink, and rose up, and went his way. Thus Esau despised his birth-right.” 


Gen. xxv: 34. 


(189) 


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Plate LXXXIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblematic Flowers 


( Continued.) 


fa) 


Myrrh. An ingredient of the holy oil. (See Exodus xxx: 23.) 


It is the gum from the bark of a small thorny balsam. 


A royal oblation of gold, frankincense and myrrh is still annually presented 
by the Queen of England, on the feast of the Epiphany, in the Chapel Royal, in 
London, this custom having been in existence certainly as early as the reign of 
Edward I. (1272-1307). 

(2) 


Rose of Jericho, otherwise known as the resurrection rose. 


(3) 


Rose, mentioned in the Bible, used as an emblem of the Blessed 
Virgin. 
(4) 


Lily of the Valley; emblematic of humility; frequently used. 


(5) 


Holly; emblematic of rejoicing. 
Frequently used throughout the British Isles. It is much used at 


Christmas for church decoration. 


(191) 


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aCe WA 
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Aas Z | Hi 
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== 


Plate XC SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblematic Flowers 


( Continued.) 


(eo ®. 


Forget-me-not. A favorite church decoration. 


(2) 
Wormwood. 


Wormwood is noted for its bitter taste. It is an emblem of 
calamity, sorrow, extreme penitence and humility. 
“ Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will 


feed them, even this people, with wormwood.” 


Jeremiah ix: 15. (See also Lamentations iti: 15 and 19.) 


(3) 
Grape-Vine and Wheat. 


The vine is emblematic of the blood of Christ. 


“This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.” 


Luke xxii: 20. 
Wheat is emblematic of the body of Christ. 


“And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, 
saying, This is my body, which is given for you.” 
Luke xxii: 19 


(4) 
Water Lily. 
Water is emblematic of purification; the lily, of purity. 


Water Lily is emblematic of regeneration or purification by baptism. 


(193) 


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Plate XCI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Emblematic Flowers 


( Continued.) 


(1) 
Annunciation Lily. 


Emblem of the Blessed Virgin, meaning purity and _ chastity. 
When used in Easter decoration it means resurrection. 
Passion Flower. 


The passion or suffering of our Lord. 


a 


(2) 
Hawthorn (constancy). 


St. Joseph of Arimathza was the first Christian missionary to England. 
There is a legend, that to convince his hearers of the truth, he thrust his staff 
(a hawthorn) into the ground, and it at once blossomed, and has blossomed twice 
a year ever since. Hence, it is used as an emblem of constancy. 


Pomegranate. A very old and much used emblem of the 
Resurrection. Also commanded to be used on the robes of the Priests 
of Israel. 


“And beneath, upon the hem of it, thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, 
and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof.” 


Exodus xxvitt: 73. 


C3p 
Oak (strength). 


Ivy (faithfulness and dependency). 


(4) 


Palm (victory and righteousness.) 
“ The righteous shall flourish like the palm-tree.” — 
Psalms xcit: 12. (See also Revelation vii: 9.) 
Olive (peace). 


“And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, ta her mouth was an 
olive-leaf, pluckt off.” 
Genesis Viti: I. 
(195) } 
SS 


Plate X CII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Tetramorph, the union of the attributes of the four evangelists in 


one figure. The wings are covered with eyes, typical of instantaneous 


action. 
See Ezekiel t. 


(2) 
A combination of the Law, Sword of the Spirit and Faith. 
The clouds represent doubt and obscurity; the palm, victory. 


The clouds overlie or obscure the palm of victory and the table 
of the Law, which rests upon the sword of the Spirit (which is the 
Word of God). Over all is the sun (the source of light), emblematic 


of Christ and the Resurrection. 


(3) 
Ascension. 


The ascending dove, surrounded by the wreath of palm, represents 


the victorious ascending Spirit. 


(197 ) 


: AN 
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waa 


Plate XCIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Cr 


Form of Benediction, in Latin, Episcopal and various other 
churches. 
The thumb and first two fingers being elevated are said to represent the three 


persons of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. In representations 
of the Godhead the open hand represents salvation for all. 


(2) 


Combination of Lily and Thorns. 


The annunciation lily is used in this illustration, but the lily of the valley is 
probably most frequently used. 
“As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters.” 
Canticles ti: 2. D. 


(3) 


Monstrance or Ostensory. Any receptacle containing sacred relics 
that are on view. 


Latterly restricted to glass-faced or transparent shrines, in which the con- 
secrated host is presented for adoration in procession, or while on the altar. 


Reliquary, a repository for relics generally small enough to be 
carried on the person. 

Phylactorium, a portable reliquary. Phylactory, in Jewish antiquity 
an amulet consisting of strips or a strip of parchment inscribed with texts 
from the Old Testament. 

Pyx, vessel in which the reserved Eucharist is kept. It is made in 
a great variety of shapes. 


(4) 


Ciborium. A metal pyx, chalice-like in shape, with a dome-like 


cover. 
Also, a vessel containing the pyx, or the sacred wafers, or consecrated bread. 
Also, a cupboard in the wall used for the same purpose. 
In the middle ages the vessel in which the sacrament was kept, was called 
a columba, and was of precious metal. It stood on a platform before the high 
altar, and was generally made in the form of a dove. 


(199) 


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Plate XCIV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


The Zamb of God and the Book with Seven Seals 


“And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written 
within and on the back side, sealed with seven seals. 

“And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy 
to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? 

“And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able 
to open the book, neither to look thereon. 

“ And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read 
the book, neither to look thereon. 

“And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the 
tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose 
the seven seals thereof. 

“And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, 
and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb, as it had been slain, having seven 
horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the 
earth. 

“ And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon 
the throne. 

“And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty 
elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden 
vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints. 

“ And they sung a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and 
to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by 
thy blocd, out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation; 

“And hast made us unto our God kings and priests ; and we shall reign on 
the earth. 

“And I beheld, and I heard the voice of many angels round about the throne 
and the beasts and the elders: and the number of them was ten thousand times 
ten thousand, and thousands of thousands; 

“Saying with a loud voice, Worthy is the Lamb that was slain to receive 
power, and riches, and wisdom, and strength, and honour, and glory, and bless- 
ing. 

“And every creature which is in heaven, and on the earth, and under the 
earth, and such as are in the sea, and all that are in them, heard I saying, Bless- 
ing, and honour, and glory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, 
and unto the Lamb for ever and ever. 

“And the four beasts said, Amen. And the four and twenty elders fell down 


and worshipped him that lived for ever and ever.” Revelation v. 


(201 ) 


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Plate XCV SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Papal Hrms of Pope Leo XIII. 


The meaning of the motto is “Light in Heaven.” 


The Pope’s arms change with each incumbent of the office; being a 


combination of the Papal arms and the arms of the new incumbent. 


As Bishop of Rome, the Pope wears the mitre, and as sovereign he 


is crowned with the tiara. 


Innocent III. wrote, “ The Church has given me a crown in sign of my tem- 
poral office, and in token of my spiritual functions she has invested me with the 
mitre; the mitre for the priesthood, the crown for the kingship, constituting me 


thereby the vicar of Him who bears upon his robe and upon his thigh ‘ The 
King of Kings and the Lord of Lords.’ ”’ 


At present, and from the end of the sixteenth century, the Cardinal 
Deacon, who places the tiara upon the head of the new Pope when he 
is enthroned, pronounces the following words: 

“ Receive this tiara, adorned with a triple crown, and know that thou art 


the father of princes and kings, the ruler of the world, and the vicar on earth 


of our Saviour Jesus Christ, to whom is all honor and glory, world without end. 
Amen.” 


( 203) 


4 


SONY 

awe, 

SW, 
We’ 


WAY 


AN \ Vi 


Plate XCVI SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Firms of the See of Canterbury 


Chief Episcopal See in England. 


Az., an Episcopal staff in pale ar., and ensigned with a cross-patée 
or, surmounted by a pall of the second, edged and fringed of the third, 


charged with four crosses, formées-fitchées, sa. 
(Az. Blue. Ar., Silver [White.] Or, Gold. Sa, Black.) 


The Mitre (Bishop’s hat), the sign of the Episcopal authority, cloven 


to represent the tongues of fire. 


The Episcopal Church in the United States has its succession from 
the Episcopal Church in England (Church of England). Nearly every 


diocese in this country has its own arms or seal. 


( 205 ) 


N 
N 
‘ 

N 


N 
N 
NY 
N 
N 
N 
N 


Whit, 


Plate XCVIL SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
Crozier. A Bishop’s staff. 
Sign of pastoral authority or care. 


They are made in an almost endless variety of styles, and are about five feet 
in length. Generally, that of a bishop ends in a hook or curve; that of an arch- 


bishop, in a crown or crucifix. They are often works of art, and enriched with 


costly jewels; when ornated with symbols, they ought to conform with the title 
of the church. 


(2) 


Seal of the Presbyterian Church. 


For a central device the figure of an Open Bible displayed upon a 
circular field, and in form as represented upon the seal of the 
Westminster Assembly of Divines, upon the dexter page thereof to be 
inscribed the motto “The Word of God” within an oval field, and upon 
the “HPEES margin of the said page the scriptural reference, ‘1 Peter 1: 
23... Upon the opposite or sinister page, within a similar oval field, the 
following device, namely: The figure of a brazen serpent suspended 
from a cruciform pole uplifted within a wilderness, in form as represented 
upon the official seal of the Trustees of this General Assembly. 


In addition thereto, upon the background of the field and behind the central 
figure, a miniature of the emblem upon the seal of the Kirk of Scotland,—namely, 
a burning*bush within a radiating circle of rays of light; further, a decorative 
wreath of palm upon the lower margin of the oval field, and in corresponding 
position upon the upper margin, the motto, ‘‘ Christus Exaltatus Salvator,” and 
upon the upper margin of the page itself, the Scriptural reference, “ John 3: 14.” 

‘In addition to this central emblem thus differenced, it is directed that a semi- 
circular wreath of branches of palm, in form, as nearly as may be, like the decora- 
tive wreath upon the Westminster Assembly seal, be placed upon the upper mar- 
gin of the circular field, and in corresponding position below the book, a wreath 
of olive and oak combined. Further, that there be placed behind the book and 
the wreath radiating rays of light filling the vacant spaces of the field. 


Surrounding the whole device the scroll of the seal shall bear the 
words, ‘Seal of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the 
United States of America.” (From the Minutes of the General Assembly 
of 1892.) 


(207) 


Plate XCVIII SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Hrms of the Order of St. Hugustine 


Party Her Pale. 


The dexter half azure (blue), charged with madonna and child (ppr). 
The sinister half vert (green), charged with a lion rampant (ppr). <A 
cross HR extends from centre of upper margin, a mitre from 
dexter side, upper margin, and crozier from sinister side, a medal 
pendant from base. Above the cross is a Bishop’s hat (green) with six 


tassels on each side. 


The motto means: “Suffer little children to come unto me.” 


An Archbishop’s hat is same shape and color, but has ten tassels. 
A Cardinal’s hat is same shape, but has fifteen tassels on each side 


and is red. 


(209 ) 


<0 Oa 
Plate XCIX SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 


Mark or seal of the Epworth League. 


(2) 


Mark of the Christian Endeavor Society. 


(3) 
Mark or seal of the King’s Daughters. 


Colors: background, light yellow in centre shading to deep on the 
edge; balance, royal purple. 
(4) 


Badge of same society. (Silver.) 


(5) 


Luther’s seal, used by Lutheran churches, but has no _ official 


recognition. 


Colors: cross, black; heart, red; rose, white; all outlined with gold; 


background, rich blue. 


(211) 


2 
<S 


Plate C SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(1) 
Emblem of great prosperity (abundance.) 
“And the seven good ears are seven years.” Genesis xli: 26, 
“ Behold, there come seven years of great plenty.” Genesis xli: 26. 
(2) 


The Star of Solomon. 


This star is said to be the work of Christian artists or decorators who were 
compelled to embrace Mohammedanism when Constantinople was conquered by 
the Turks. 

It was designed to show the cross, but concealed so that the Mohammedans 
should not recognize and forbid it; they did not object to honor Solomon. 

It was the central ornament of the walls of the mosques. When the Chris- 
tians were compelled to bow towards Mecca, they saw the cross before them. 

(The direction of Mecca is marked by a verse from the Koran, or by a re- 
cess or niche.) 


(3) 
Arabic Inscription, from Owen Jones’s ‘Grammar of Ornament.” 


The religion of the Moors forbade the use of symbols except the crescent, 
which is to them what the cross is to the Christians; it is found in all mosques 
in the arch of the doorways and the shape of the domes. It is called by them 
the sacred arch, and is known to us as the horseshoe arch. 

The want of symbols was supplied by the free use of inscriptions, which at- 
tracted and held attention on.account of their curious and complex involutions. 
The example given has been used in several Christian churches and in the cele- 
bration of great national victories, probably both on account of its beauty of 
design and the strength of its sentiment. ‘There is no conqueror but God.” 


(213) 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


(4) 


Symbol of Infinite Love. 


The cross, with the Crucified Christ on it, shows in the most marked man- 
ner the transcendent love of the Creator for His creatures. Inclosed in the 
circle it means that the love is perfect, eternal and complete; it therefore em- 
braces the Resurrection and the Life Everlasting. 

Surrounded by the Trinity, it shows that the love and sacrifice was not 
of the Son alone, but of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. 

The formation of the Trinity, inclosing three of the attributes of the Godhead, 
(everlasting truth, everlasting power, everlasting mercy) shows them insepar- 
able. The indication of Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and the isles of the 
ocean, show that salvation is for all, and that the knowledge and love of Christ 
shall extend to all parts of the world, and that the Crucifixion was the most im- 


portant event on earth. 


This symbol therefore shows very clearly most of the Christian creed. 


(214) 


ly 
% 


Celestial Dierarchy 


awh, "“y 


» 


My 


roms 


Counsellors of God 


Seraphim (to love), burning, glowing. Represented with six wings 
Cherubim (to know), symbol of the immediate presence of God. (See 


Plate lvii.) 
Thrones, represented as angels carrying thrones or towers 


Governors 


Dominions or Dominations, represented as angels carrying globe and 


cross, or triple crown and sceptre. 
Virtues, generally represented as female angels in comic armor, 


bearing pennons and battle-axes. 
Powers, represented as angels carrying a baton. 


Messengers 
Principalities, represented as angels holding a lily 
Archangels. 
Angels. 


The names of two of the archangels are given in King James’ Bible, z.e 
Michael (Jude 9; Rev. xii: 7; Dan. xii: 1), represented in armor con- 


quering the dragon, or with sword and scales. 


(215) 
| 


ae 


Celestial Hierarchy SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


Messengers—continued 


Gabriel, represented with a branch of lilies, and as the bearer of the 
message of peace, with the olive branch. (Dan. viii: 16; Luke i: 19; Luke 
20) 

In addition to these two, the Douay Bible, in Tobias xii: 15, “Fora 
am the angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before the Lord,” 
represented with pilgrim’s staff and gourd. Tradition names four others: 


Uriel, represented with roll and book. 
Chamuel, represented with cup and staff. 
Zophiel, represented with a flaming sword. 
Zadkiel, represented with a sacrificial knife. 


Angels are represented according to their mission. All angels, when 
not in distinctive character, are sometimes represented in armor, holding 
swords; if not in armor, holding trumpets. But one point is very often 
wrong,— that is, when they are represented wearing shoes or sandals. 
These are of the earth, earthy. Moses was commanded: “Put off thy 
Shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon enon standest is holy ground.” 
(Ex. iii: 5.) 


The first to fix this order and arrangement was Dionysius, styled the 
Areopagite, who lived about the year 600 A.D. He is sometimes con- 
founded with Dionysius, who was converted at Athens under the Apostle 
Paul. 


The arrangement is accepted by many Christians. 


When fallen angels are represented they are distinguished by the form 
of the wings, which are made like those of a bat. Also by the color of 
nimbus previously noted. 

(216) 


Inder 


Inder 


PAGE 
AB tam 5S ociccs mem cnet ate caer 28 
Abundance’... Rsrccccee sintea cers eee 212 
Action, Instantaneous snes eee eee eee 196 
ACHIVIEYs! £2 S50 Srcnuscienin ninvone Acne ea ee 72 
Agnus Dei 4s oni cosiasaccee ENE ere, Mee 64 
Alenrtnessucemiycsceecciscee cnn ee eee ee 88 
Almightyse Hand yofmeeeeeeree Gece eee 150 
Almond) ciccemosiaaven nae ener ca oe ae eee 48, 186 
Vhs) Werseas Gants CABDEOOOS CEOS OD OOSE EG case Mane 150 
Alphacand) Gross! conc eco soacneoe een ere 142 
Aiphavandi\@megasseeee eee ce eeee eens 140, 144 
Altar of, Burnt, Offeringtad...ccndeancsw des one 42 
Altar of Incense ............. Me loreietsvcferewicieineyos 38 
Altary, Dhanksgiving potas sasdeh stack tes tee 26 
Amulet SODDCOnOODUOOOCUSOOSAOOOOOOODSDAESE DAE 199 
A. BoQhent.. nepspcemtod.. cases. AA 150 
Anchors Gosciesstc resumen wee iets ee 162 
Anchor; Cross andrBiblenescc).. oo50ks ee 162 
Anchor, Cross.and Crows) 425.062 ee 158 
(Anchor Crticitonmmeeeea een eee eee 180 
Andrews (Sts . afk. per eeentes..aar 82, 174 
Angell Praises oi ditsc watever eee ee 62 
AngelstiVaniousiie . ae get. wte 215, 216 
Annunciation... “s.jsoaddccw eee ee 62 
AER. ec 3s EEL EEO I7I 
Aral 63 crsjelhrasdescrs ieiatetonie ore rea PO OE 134 
Apple-Preek Al... 28a. ane Cee. ee 20 
Arabicsinscription aenee eee eee 212 
Arch, Sacred (Horseshoe) ss nce. sce eee... 213 
Archangel ii nok sued cok eek Eek ae 215, 216 
Aschbishop’s Efat 4% jose 4a. see en ee 208 
Archbishop's) (Staff. manic acca sacseeeee eee: 207 
ATKwOt they Covenantt..cn- cine eee 38, 121 
Aric, (Noah's) icc annie ices ene 24 
Armoir . ISR Seo ee 154, 215, 216 
Arms, Episcopal eee wcce ea ean ee eee 204 
Arnis) of the ‘Sonme.ih einen. Rae ee 68 
Arms, Order of St. Augustine ................ 208 
Arms Papal’s3. AAS, Wa was 202 
ASTOWS: (oo 5'njucSosonetone eisai eee eee 132 
BNSCEHSIONY 5c.0. 552s Eee sea sce seem ee 196 
SASHOT os hiic aoe sat ae ee ee 34 
Ass* (Issachar)* 22 ees. 23. SOCODERG | 30 
MSS‘ (Peace) ) 7.8 ares ae soc. heat, a ae 54 
Attributes of the Deity an Re cacesin apps eA 183 
Attributes of the Godhead ....c.-.4.08-0.0, 212 
Avgeolep cert. ere sees.. coset tye ete. eine 97 
Ave: Marian) occ) mace aces eee ee 146 
AKO) s. cbetyee seen tele Cfeewaeiiniors sieversievereisicereere 86 


PAGE 
Balances ......... Sita loreia¥e clots Ohare seeceeces. 164, 170 
Balm of Gilead <2. 5 co25. ccc s0ccscce eons 186 
Bambino he oci)c sccise ho wees rcmaitie 2 122 
BR ASOT Ys a siois xiaia'cin'ns avehore are acetiraat card eee 64 
Banner of John the Baptist .................... 60 
Bapysii,« tacavoscece teccaneeteee 82, 156, 180, 192 
Bartholomew, Sti.s o8s:s Sec. so<:amis. os fc. 82 
Basin) ooo ahiasinnessOeaae boner ce Geko 94 
Bab 2082 ois ton cat caese aioszacts ice 216 
Baton 00/05 ccc aeninniea Gone ce cto cree ee 215 
Battle-axe:s..< sisi cates cierclersce niece 215 
Bead os ire Seisiticto clare eee: Sete Re 20 
Beatitiides iciosisisicisaa vieatese oes cee 173 
Bee Fs wiss.c iene Weis oaistcee nroumenwen ee 170 
DECHIVE: 6.0.15, 55 sage wasdceeecn tee tkee 170 
Lt ees 56 
Benediction, (Greele o..5<05<5 640s. 150 
Benediction Hebrew ...<<...<0«0.cssc, ee 50 
Benediction, Latin and Modern .............. 198 
Benjantin QWolf). <5 .c6scosewnvadcsacine ee 32 
Bethlehem ............. wi {ols 0 Se Stetelepoe st. s See 60 
Bible sacs svamecsice tnd yaa eee 152, 162 
Bishopjsr Hate nas id) des. ere ee 204, 208 
Bishop's" Staff (e.c.ccdsee eon sn eee ee 206 
Blood: J3434. - shes. Ree ee 66 
Bloodhof (Christyo35 ser sae eee 156, 192 
Boat and Cross disiew. 32 Soaese. . 450 ee 128 
iBody/ofi@hristis--ee eee eee ee +» 49, 156, 158, 192 
Book... .evsreenescdacd... 3 ee tcceae 152, 212 
Book of Seven Seals ........ eeeeesssss 60, 200, 216 
Bottle {3.253 ots se cheek te. ne be, cee 82 
BOXES) 5 ccc: gc cide smccemnenes ee ee 92 
Bread yocc Ganon eee ee ee 48, 108,199 
Breastplate of High Priest . . .......ceceece. 44 


Breastplate of Righteousness . . . . ....eeeee 154 
Breathyaey aitsge ee : 


Bush A Boeing 7 ako sexcureonhiee le 28 
Butterfly coca enum ma seen tc .s cena sae erelere 98 
C 
Calamity . ste bligiefoyetatayerstecniciaeererernlontetisarentite 192 
Candlestick 7 ps ok ecg nun ojo cena cep ee eee 48 
Cardinal's Hatt Rete soe ws cnn cereceene ann oee 208 
Carpenters Samare: fr.) in. ssncck een 82 
Gatacombss. ¢! iadaecentbo ben 7. ice ee, Pes 108 
Cattle: 3) .<.iidae eet tecns cates aoc eee 16 
Ganldrontasss < ica atiss «er. POE. 84, 132 
Coy ais Melia ores sng Mee ceed, Le eee 210 
Cedar: ‘exalted i (2 gstescn\ iis cineanc nee ee II4 


218) 


( | 
8A 


8 


Index 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


PAGE PAGE 
Gensersiss sc. oan ie cieeinke ees cisisiwc'siewienees 122 Cross, Se Res testes Dears ona ca Sovecieleisreou 7S 
GH BE arse oseiss , a iacopeic cisiaiwie in cine sie. « Metered 04 Jeweled ee: cis ver ccnt ete ee eccrine 108 
Chalice 2 oo nes canes eis ecoeennes 90, 126, 156 MEAT oer net etoile cictertte clotisitetmie irs sletcie cieiacis 176 
Ghalicetand@iaten ts 4 tect cseecce ecco ce cet 158 WEEtLEKEM cre ee tec ree Ciccecicnine sae eer 172 
Chalice andi Serpent: 2/50 $3.35. 200¢. oc tmacies de mae HCOUIAING: Sorte ricco cece ne oe sien ce eeiece 172 
Chamuel, ey SARA TIAAOSAIOGOEOO be 55 36 216 WV ALLESE ee ere ten crcreteott cic ste ce mee 172 
Gharnitye.c, 2 oh.cc tees shat ccene eee eee 162 Monogram." 2 cose cee scccecscecn ens 142 
(CLESIGT L, GueOOOU OO ROSH OnEROE HGABESS 134, 146, 194 Monogram (Greek) . BE scene LAS 
Cherabims!. 9... 's7s sos baueises cise ccc sec 21, 38, 215 OTM ROG Gye leve rc reveseleielats tices tere levsie/ciaieielofersre ie 180 
Chergbsrs oo) <a gasscce sec eeees ae accel anaes 120 Ornamental’ .92 2. Ga oso eee cene nee 174 
Chigkthoweey s .ceoces adsense ceaes 108, 140, 144 Papalieem ented (a) Gitiesa cowie sie esminatemioeies's 172 
(CUS TIA oes Aone ae sea seaGrsaubader ss Set aoe 141 TRESS of kt ic, Ena Gob oaae sche aaa 62 
GhSE ot Cc ocueeueccets 39, 40, 42, 48, 180 Patniarchialy kes dc.» 6 ee ci-ie-ssicte. cro sete meteor 172 
(Gipsy e(C Gi leaas. Si moobasaecnasoadone Goduacdes 122 Pectoral gs a's, sctccine etree crelelee eaemarelcre eee 174 
Ghizist(Greeloyess = acc scence siecieeeeiias 148 SIAVONIC aor ae op eiocisinnisionnaceete ae sie 172 
Christ the Conguetor (Greek)i 2. 5. jose daceseces 150 SEAMEN ONVS <1 inn eu ayeicte.cils ste 0.0 a otete aetotere ake 82 
Christ’s Body and Blood . .. ............- 156 St. Andrew’s et emir 83, 174 
Ghinysalises <a Sees ec cine Nec eaeeeie ee 98 PINAGLE in uMevise (ofctoraielcte ore ereletaleretaveteroracte nares 50, 82 
Church . BA er ciG Aaa GOO OC INS 108, 130, 158 PREULONI Cars As xa oo 5b aie wierere eee ence ohetore 172 
CibeEiint’ 5 eB iOS O SOR EB EE De ORES OHA easd 198 pIREASUTES MOI bos ceed \aklcrcsierectgncere 126 
Cinelewe te coe esac sitet cee onsen 62, 78, 182 Erown Arched Was =) 5 etirtiit ctl cea ciccresiameete 106 
(CT Gn SE SOAS SUC CESACeatote: cade 6, 16, 196 ORGS IVE NS he oe ci ltslerestereteleiele otto dea bee 106 
Cloud in Star Sil rote manele wie a[e-ererste sigeinrele evesesieisis 12 of the Godhead ate Mona aatcemc Meester 106 
Ghubbnllers sock. acc sutiions slot isicinae/ wisverersteie 86 OfthesKingets fe estes caceclocseter Be > 
Glubsnotted =. ei kernals elas cuaeisrois cis) oiekes seine 86 Olethemeniest: 1.) shal scioewionctte seis sacle 52 
Coatawithout Seam? 5 cc. Satis cissisetes.cceiowersiels 90 OlsthepSatnts) = «= stewesiciesicwioe wie clesentswts 106 
Cock . RYE ahi are SS tak cidtoarticlcreueeieremie ee 83, 88 OfathenScholarsi. ee ae eee 52 
Caltaha sh Sai a certs) (oipiele te othe ale ais ae a eloraitte:s 199 Ofghhornsior okevsiccieshiecion tees 88, 90, 132 
Collimrips -wercaceiss aise dasccccascsiaccecaiess 82, 88 onGi@ushiont =) 473 ls tacdoacnesesecetc 132 
Column eB sokenye gs, =. 1. s) seinacrseeiss qe ose 130 Crowns rs Woe ke cee stale cls eG, 160, 162, 168, 215, 216 
Comforter ews,  « Sevccieis ciorsiavais cies ioeinentaeeraste 215 GErozierey.% . bh esecuccdc ose eee aes 206 
Coammandmentsie ccomcan sco aatconn eens 36 Gruerfixeerehs tee solemn shee kine Seren widke asels 122 
Comimiunionw woe. secs oe. eiais.s ere ice's 108, 156, 158 Crucifixionys Mee race taal nace tea he 50, 212 
Conqueror (God) . Be Pavaie; aisle otters slsiociotiereare 212 Gipsy ea ets ane heey d ouchahtees 216 
CGHSEANCVA CEMA. 8c io ceed ae one eet neeboene 194 GupsSacramentall © -3 5 esas ted shedes ddeecc 00 
Cornucopia . crass suciaseleVanciaiclaveis eine erermersinere 160 Cupboard es <8 tcc c och cad cere ca donsioan 199 
Counsellors of God . SOURS aR AIG CMU ATICRe 215 Gymbbalsieenis se 12 ye nce crn teste siatuic's able oe eto 56 
Covenant Rew Stee ccseisosise. crcmauscneccase 26 
Greationy. = <6 = -)cescr Os, dO, T2nK4) Joe 78 D 
Creator ees s: csccneasiogeciewenic ccisacve 8, 10, 12, 14 
GreediGhristian ca shocneonic cei s camonc acme 212 Dante, Cy we Rc ciscrssclo Sees owe Seis i 010% se rcteleto sete ets 34 
Crescent . SEEN ORAS HACE OOO OSOMEROObOBCL 213 DavidiyShieldwofies-charceetmcessccciiss sae Seees 4 
EsOss se cs, & ce ssomeamescmneacsae 96, 124, 142, 168 DavidsmMowern Of-s oe tec vassaissosiccics stows cto 112 
and Bible Sea coO sho COpRORESSSaSEBadeco 152 Dy aypye eee wishes cictceisia mise sinmasies sicic co seie wtelem oats 12 
ANC GLOW ton ae Pinel conc ce career emer 158 Death eter cescsis ccs oss 22, 130, 134, 164, 166, 168 
and, Greek (Letters < . << cus sactcccoene 250 Deity, Attributes of . shi & died ee ore & asltlataveteyetels 182 
@alvanyae © nets voce cccls sloctincieom cnet 172 Dependency ..... SHH Nek toy ainis raw BITC 194 
GOT OMAY 4 | Ba Sb SStS HEB OR EAP SaeeosEe box 178 TOO re RKC OOOO OOOO CONIC REC acre: 90 
Concealed. tet nace oe. esis neneioneeine 212 Disciples, Attributes of . . . . 82, 86 
Grown and: Palmares cs cecisiceiasleineencre 162 DisciplessMlastxoteweres mc) os occ. s ois o cieleees 87 
GrownedeArmsi sitio cass oniaceee acts 210 Disciples#Stan elas Ri saesee esa sas se se cee celeseie 184 
Decorative, 595 2. sacceses cccwcctecee 174 Divine@eresenceter st ios | ac ccisicicds sive cielercere 39 
van oelists: care su ccic cicieis aie lsie o cievewies eines 174 DOO Rees cree bales base ewe mene 137 
Glomfied o. oy st aencn/noisas bewegeoearre 62 DominiOnOm sinter cis sens © cc's see cl oe oe sclaictele 23 
Greek, St. Coe Stpbatrick: .) see seeeiye Mominionsaseeer chee ee che cess cose tse seee oe 215 
Maur al by sentry aenrelcreioters.eie’ avivic. lew es eterere 174 ID OUDER MPN Me es ckios cose eee ost s.cl. cee Sele tere 196 
PO havo was aees eateverenctate eee vaisle-ciaiciote'sictavore ete 162 DOV ERN eM AP adc Sercicicla terol rosie nes eeisie ete 72, 199 
NY SYA AMG cake lo civisiowcieswrs oo sie senile 130 ecetiae : ae eeee wees 196 
(219) 


ee 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


PAGE PAGE 

Dove, Ascending and Descending ............. 70 G 

OP ReRee conc Or idcenecascce 7 hee ne 

Resurrection. ,.) 5) a cee meg Gabriel, Archangel... . . se eeceessccececces 210 
SOUS... 5. 0. sha te ee ee 124 Gad'(Standard)! + = <2 +2 winninnoraaonde eee 32 
Dragon...) oer ie etnce ene eee 24 Gammitas «5 «2 656 22558 08240400000 SO - 148 
Dragon, Head Frags Oca on Rk ee ee Garden, Enclosed :; «5.4» <+. 2.0.3 SUSU ee 112 
DMA. oor ous com oe ae ee ee 56 Gate'of Heaven.) .c2sicaiscns cs Oe 110 
Dulcimer . . : P 58 Geometrical Forms. . . . 182, 184 
Globe! #84, Wel. fe. 5.2. sa SEERA TNT 215, 216 
Glorified Som BW eteial vats does SO 180 
E God? Armor ‘Ob +. <1 5° sa7irene.crartanths 154 
ESrnO QE. cep saute aden as Gods City of om ss te or ccoseocoseaee ee 116 
Bite Apniis Dei RE ER eV Hi a God* Conqueror ' 15 +0 vr 21 esttcteretttersteo oe ee 212 
BIOGUENCE fos cy as aeaneahegcasaas esas Beene 170 God, Name Of 1... ....ssssseseseesesseoewens es 
Ephraim (Vine) wsssxathanassacnares eae 32 Seda BS ey Oe tapriet's ane ee se 
Epwontlh League seo ig ys: dic) <i 4sadeentie eae God-bidden oe vee eels to 5 ee 13 
Equality . pha coals 9 8 eistevehalavawsyavaveyeray MeN S 182 Godhead «= - sevseeeeeeeeeeeeeer eee eeteess 76 
Ribonitinot Liles ccenseenenseseocreeeue gnes GO Homecot 2) 2: St Re ae a 
Bienity,ofsl rinityp.cssugersandd tesa eee 182 Godhead, Attributes of ........ ni skacnre (nin ets ea 212 
Enchernc Gan : 108, 156, 158, 199 ee HES aaceenraA aneoen so. oc 216 
Eisingeliste Wmrign. oy menacnn coccinea ee Governors rie Tal Te nat Nroleisttlt tetra oan Tae pc 
Bryanpelists Grass tree § oi) oc sccie eh as te 174 BEM MOA hase ctie ee a 1S 
Expalsiodeeyep@a acacc instanton AAD ae Grape-vine and Wheat Si lotarete tetets SA cae soaee QZ 
Eye, All-seeing ...... siafalota svoraeiantl renee? 5. 156 Gridiron. . , sreeereerererereseeeeeereseese 132 

H 
i fallen tiie a: piverctevesexsioveiolore Siavetepeiaierstnarame Apoaoee iy) 
Faith . fa afepetee ake abevonstais evel cintercioice PS 5 162 Ham Mer) cia. a%eapsire ssecsate chides s oie eee 90 
Bashiutnenss yb eects ar hae ak ee 26, 194 land poy Sais scien ne sjexevel sei eieXe 10, 16, 150, 212 
Faith, Hope and Ghanity oi siho taaiicie, 1200 Tudo Hand; with Rays . 0... 3 sceosascee se, Soe 
DO TE, ane MMe RE TESTE AE AMR FIZ He info at 20 BOOB 6 sie oy pic ounie anya esinele SBUESE CEcols - 56, 176 
ESOT RS ST OEE Oe ae nt aN ADA OE 215 Fein Fite nnn nai sens meee eco reel -+ 208 
ReTION Aihara Wena 152 Hatchet," Gee @ ooo onic cas cesnienneeeneeee . 86 
BAC GUEY, 3. ac ciosierat clause onl eee eee ec 137 PlasBh ORR oa co cieiaie aielsciersisisis ieee gee eran - 194 
PEGA Go: 5 ae aca Wats ceri been REO ee 186 PCat af hictansccc. sees econ doe ccc an cee 212 
Fire, Perper EEE asl 0ee ay 7A ks ana 38 Pleart, Belang 75.5500, 4)s/m0ici0/si0 o's, Seley ore 135 
Rire, sl onguesof a's cls cveawecsneeeee 72, 205 Heart, Sacred, of Jesus .............00 a - 88 
Birmarieng. 4. sec, cic a. “oc ene eae 8, 12 Heart, Sacred, of Jesus, Riches of ............ 124 
Rishi galls! 2 St a art ad oe 180 Hleant ~SacredsofuMary.-c.. sascecee ce ceeneee 110 
Bisheu(Carp)) cach: baer ae a eh ee eee 108 EleavensiGateofimacudascsncercocecnen Societe 110 
Bast BGreg ese vate ck accuse ee 161 Heaven, Queen Of oo eanieleceaictacine ieee eee 
ISD UBT Ce ge a aaa ak cnnicicn 2a Mere 79 BCU ANS Ole ec coca felons co ee 22 
Blapeolet sy as mess cei tk eee ae 58 Figimetiof. Salvation, Sxiise «+0 «0.0. s-e aeepiee 154 
Blame Abs jo6 sad ere sees. se eee 8 Hierarchy;,Celestial .. ....0s.. .<«- 215, 216 
Blames as cd eccitaisa:saciciu nats Sar ae 88 Elindi@Naphtali) oe sos is - cisco gigs nee 
let e-T18 ay ran soiree ec aceee 146 Holinessytouthe (Lord to.) sce yec tec nae 44 
BOOS tity atc nsciuaesteeee once Wee 24 Holy Ghost. . Bung Tascionstcvelete a terete eee 72, 184 
Blowers | coca ste n 186, 190, 192, 194 lolya Spirit) (acisuserserere sjoveisfalsicisis'eisvofe sislge 425 ZONA 
Flowers, Cut . Ub crokeueisio'ciete sicisie eR ER Tae 168 Holy,/Spirit, Giftsiof = 4 2% . asosssmeeee eee 72074. 
12a ee erie ape nd dina Gin” > 7. 156 iaiby Sirs: ioag Rctarsiaiaeitie oo oie pane mera cee ee 190 
Boverunner creat ant vee ee ee 60 Honor, Vessel of .......... soooac soistcratr et ste ate 120 
BOrget-iie-note. amet ae eee 192 ETOPe cron ccaciotiscimainene thee eee aaa 162, 180 
Howniain, oo ts teaee ta tant ewe ee ROOM eRe 118 Hom. Bi deleretcerelaca cto cleratcletavel Lereietereraats 58 
ROR as on i hee StS ot SR SON ea 14 Horse (War) . Beafetoiniaiatetalaietsetcl station terstts 54 
Eramkincense, opens 24a a eens CIO ben 186 Hourglass!) sccheccess cae tees nea eeen eee 156, 164 
Praitiulness, Spiritual - |. / 7). s)) sess sense) II5 mility, <email ... 62, 174, 190, 192 
BYMGt oh nts Peart Aree <) eeee Bae Oe 148 EL YSSOp!™.: Vit ,t So ttalstcterele violate wlatatetetetelstotiotore eee 186 

(220) 


a 


PAGE 
I 

I AM THAT I AM Ree a selaaae stetelotrean 148 
[Cex 1G. if AS Ha AERA Deion oa She, cteista eae 150 
Te UMS, 3 ieee Shae ae emleees ba adnate dante 142, 144 
Te OSS, ‘or Te Hi Gen oe ein SAA Be 140 
DEH. 8 5 hehe es) ane esahe ORES Ns Rae w ee Os eee 148 
THOME ARs 5+ ese S esses ee oboe Pee 141 
Immortality, (6 400 if ie ie Lee een eee e eee Aah 100 
Industhy 3.2 =. ii 5 sda Sotodaniodceee Se welts coe es 170 
Indwelling of Spirit SP PGS ahd Melhahalotchoatds nm Se tt 74 
Infinite: ove y.. 12 +hasn toes bees osc os eee ues 212 
Tfimitude ts Ps) see hss acai ero nce eee 76 
Treacy Salusi Ag sw eis canactcact crass seleciee 140 
In: Hoc: Signo: mes. 5 655 seniors FORM « ceo electslee 140 
URINE leaarere sees cicre vie csevetelerarorss a cv onerarerseeiasaiere ofbvslere 96 
TN COUT EMCO cmakiy cm ncy a ever ai sieve sinisicieisr ererararcrekereuniorsists 152 
Intercession, Perpetual. Se POU TORE DORD. PSs 
LOLA Meee ys a sce ecae etstoaters trustee nes oe 148 
Issachar REO ayo fadctors\al Seis RTaia aici 30 
Ivory, Tower ae Si ty eden sos: ntajonanala;chevera vous ohare 118 
ISA Vi 15. Sep aNaG Raee Exoyaia /olorels/avaveta’eveycrorevavare ele raters 194 


James thewGreate. aes sae cecwiscesiecces G2 


Jamesthevleessy aac cos cisisees sicvercislerenecee vise ce 86 
Jehovah .......... 2, 6, oo 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 50, 182 
Jehovah, Abbreviation of . . . ................ 4 
ESSE TPROOt Ofc cs sconce Nec vera teasers 114 
Jesuit’s Badge, J. HL 's SESE ODE RG Oiticis cea 146 
eSusvandy Mary: scstmeter no ce cee ee cceeeie 146 
Jesus lominuml Salvaton cecesessccenoe secre. 140 
ohne the Baptist. Alef tesco acces eee menee 60 
Johmethes Divine.) otc ts bee eee eeu 80, 82 
MOVeucais ce mectenre earths eee oe meee 58 
Hudahs (ion) Mn Pier ee chock tats onee nee: 30 
NudasPiscartoty cua is cec et Lt ee 86 
Ud es Stent eee yen ae enti eee 86 
Judgementicrsn ore seer erates eee eee 164, 186 
JMSHCE Pies Mee test tena othe escite settee tates 164 
K 
iKeeysie Crossed) if a ck. aneeecics sae sagesawaear 82 
Kripesh Daughters .-65 04s a qarasdots dex cieeknses 210 
Knife . RIM Re ctoseYoretexetersisvetsttis a ieane'a "ertis eieiSiereave 82 
Knife, SeCHReel niciwchralditcrayhrarevs sarbuays eranaveiove Siar 216 
nO Wed ge ir. wisis wai lalevorererctereiordverctot eres ckcte TIO 20, 152 
L 
Mea DARING wig euscaeaecarclars eters <ieveverese1s é.everece cerorsinve cue 14I 
WAD OL er ais cet caesieisteetlee cre vaca: ase cie awe nsreee 170 
aCe tig ames eerie reiererec cies wiemeno sete amie 92 
BAIN Dlg Mesey cs tei aie sereletalesisiomeic's sce aie there ran cron 68 
Mambyony Books. ai. + cecssscesscessaes c 60, 200 


ae 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


PAGE 

WambrpB OUNGit gyn ran caters ere sierolelsisvelerelaletnlereiereteteis), LOO 
WambroteGodsens coe ts once niceties eerenveatoersve 64 
Lamb with Sever ‘torte Be /aniteataretavatene vst ie ftsledage. 200 
WamprandgeiDle st scree seis ciesin scien ctetvevaess 152 
ME ANCE rec = cet eee ele ee ctcionions teers 82, 87 
Weanterny ce et cee ee cee ete ae na tome e eae 88 
TEAUreler aie enn teers ae cee dace eee ra ae 166 
SAV ET Hae ee Tee tte eros 42 
AW rcs en eee ee ee ro ame onesie eee nati 196 
] LTT eae eae PAB aia oiice epee ths RonMinrerns ¢ 186 
Lentiles Be releketeVetaievs Mabe rstalele eral sit teueieveres 186 
COV MEN RA esta Kate aicysioleSevereloys lavas le ofelereveyoveyey Verdvete aseis 33 
MECN e ease Sartre eelcle le tislorenioele clas cers 166, 182 
Meifesebinished 2". wt aces as oc cwetie cence 158 
[eifer Voyage Ofte beak EP Et CITA TRS Ua Ncisicteverscs 128 
Wight ne eet ae etme Aina 48, 152, 180, 196 
Wighthouses . <. 6 fac tt cece ee ee see mee ett 108 
1 LAT hop neue ied aastaundemonomaccocdadndnnin 190, 192, 215 
evil IUGYSNG vol Go Yale coocos ocoooddooond 198 
ENUNKOSEWOM 5 9 0p COCHDOCCDuDGODGOD 194, 198 
Conventional mre seit 146 
OllthenValleyines we steciee s ncleetiteet 112, 190, 199 
(Bunity) Pate es te a eee a eaiae aiciecleee eeleels 160 
Water! errs me eee. ae eat es neces evelete 156, 192 

ME INET ee caiee a ee ane On craderetalaaiereutelereies 04 
LionsGudah) it ssscssne sens foe ee ae 30 
MeitanyaebeVeeeehieeee IIO, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120 
BORGO a istrcrtcr tee Oto ee attics cerctie ne eee 4, 212 
Hover lnfinitess#$.0 2520252502 sate ates ceee 68, 212 
Ovemiranscendent: en seacn en seicieecire cicero: 212 
Wilke Sts 20S Me Po eriees stab okeecwemieteete 80 


JB Oe yada eo amc niacrermeemermcc nay Ae 760 


MISE 35 bo Bod c0dssbeasosso00oK000G0000 93 
IWlett BS SSS aba dS ed Sess daadosedcoda F6G0c0G 16, 20 
Manasseh (Palm) Bre opa (Ve everasa iavelansisicscraveoaioraehersie 34 
Mictancrr vasa taat ac Yay evince cterctsrsvevestheieis,elsl sfeva/cvecctorote 20 
DV rearetetsrep aca ake ec ote rseeTor eros ele avslan ous wlatareyalevereve/sveieKelors 146 
Mita ene Ss trscinn ararevateovsreveters olevirvaieve ois ornveyevsleper alegetela 80 
WleiWaeKm Se caososdoasons eodcdonnoosdedoedED 80, 86 
IMiendias, Qe 56 o 3g eoodecdoauenn0onD0HNG5OONE 86 
IVIEASTINGT oe ee einer rere retere desis siece sierarnteretereverstatsy 108 
Mercy, Eveviasing RP ee Ronse eecieintla etersverele 212 
IMteweiy, (Goals 5 o o sasasgcdopoonseDDoSobddoe 26, 38 
WIGIEREERE & 6 9 6 0 eppbooonDODDOUOSddoeHOK5CC 38 
IMICGSERYEERS 5 416 8 AoabobopooecuoEDoDEooodbsoaS 215 
WuichaeleeArchangelecmememeiiiclse sicrellelelelelslstelelenrrele 215 
Writes o 6 G6 6 déasnespodsugumooocooGddsc 108 
IMTINORE 5 6 to ol be SbohecsseuaeasasbooduodaoS 132 
Winona Ord ensmemmcn tes ete aieisicl sic sieve etereeretvere 138 
METRO BSDOULESSE cies a eictels ere oisiete io enisrclelercisievels 116 
Mitr CMeenttmetn creitecicietiecha are siereie vicve’e ejeueiermeterers 204 
Mitre ewiStiaeien cs ccttastetes cic icie'sic os sjsiete(ejeters siete 44 
MiGrigyabacummemen tercterejelelere's's <\e\c cicve’siere eielelscetereimye 86 
Money, Pieces..... efetelorcieletelererelereroeleleToretotste 88 


( 221) 


Ce EE eee eae 71 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


PAGE 
Monograms..... & Beecesaasaeaee 140, 142. 144 
Monograms, Greek . . . . . oe... ee eee 146, 148, 150 
Monstrance - « c.ccisenc ww /e eleislovaiaypralavsteyelererceterete . 198 
Moontand Stars. ceca hc eee 12, II0 
Morning Glory: i. cscs secek cencucee ee 176 
Mbt. Va(Greele)i ono ovcccudensee eee 150 
Musical Instruments... . . .......... 56, 58, 176 
Bw Si ci ely: PUR eC ee RE UR dralevoserescverwavereters 190 
Myrtle Uelalelelefalelerslelolaietelalevereleicicistereieterei aad 


Nailsi, 5 Sieleistslsioisicie seteieiersoetace Gen mente 90 
Naphtali (Hind) . aielie(s/sfajelersieyeialetnisicTstrc Aenea 
Nativity . CecrosocoLocdaoobasta sadness 62, 160 
Nighine, <iy:-a5 coe ee eee a ee 12 
Nimbing sss. et erere tte sje ee 102, 104 
Nimbgs, allegorical’ hee et eel eee 104 
BlessedsVirginian rc ere 102 
Cruciform . . 60, 64, 102, 200 
Rather ot Moth. cee enc ce ape ee 102 
Eolys¢Spirit'c ste cree mt cence 102 
Judas eaialnfe) slalelelete etniacchetaieiee 105 
Wiving persons = «© © soccsce ee cone . 104 
MOSES Totty ta ya ectantten eee 104 
Prophet. 2'70 cee soa ee on ae 104 
Satanigy ‘cps, gies euig cdacscsan ceed 216 
SOM 0 45 8. Se ne ae SRO ek 102 
Saints.) 2 5.. voc h eee mene eee 104 
Dd A es a at tad shade Ee et Donte ts 150 
Nurture, Divine Sauies s:axoe 9k OS 
O 
Qakene ans: slofotevors)statetets ofaverney ete Eddancaccsnaede 194 
Opecaney alias ca/l ekelafayererets\ eve toler eloicieintemieeie eens 196 
Octagon (Regeneration) écoddddanddsdnouGoKS .. 184 
Offerings coerce ee ee 160 
Oil, Bottle of, and Book ...... eels nie eae e ateeueTe 132 
Ointment, Boxes of . Die stincetsts/o/aunraeieren erate 92 
Olive, Branch of ..... --- 26, 115, 116, 166, 194, 216 
Omega aie no tice een ree sslanveroreee 140, 150 
Omega sith ‘Cross: 34. canoe ce 142 
Omicton. 7 s> s9 Serene een re syetsistajeysrs TSO, 
Omicron, Once ING crete lato erctsis rae eras biserers 150 
Oninipresence: 35.0. ken seen noses ie tee ee 156 
Organt yn gor gone cee Bees Lis veisvstoveinversier anaes 58 
Ostensory...... sloicisiois/arcietlciecisars eisveleveveyere 198 
OX gee iets cic le ofaeleYaterelateralorevciclersiaicieretcleleeVeniomoo 
1S 
Padlock. ..... erepaietetsvalsiclowerajs (ers; ore(einsretcrta seeped 
Pale ss ny ain scree eet oie Oeae teh 132 
Paling. siarcats ainsi da eee aoe 162, 194, * 


Palm (Manaseeh) © SBo dee Cotes as hone 
Passion, Emblems Ae ; +++. . 88, 90, 92, 04, = 
PasSiOne Blowers. acs con cee oisaties Hae 176, 194 


PAGE 
Patent cc. id cincdanstilecotereasce sneer 158 
Patrick: S6.°.0."% S2755.06-7 on ee 79 
Peacepi i’. SOROS, os do or se) Soe 166, 194, 216 
Peace. (Ass) rr, +5) o) beer ees) asicietye cn en eee 54 
Peace e Dove of s S5< reesei seis sh es tee sdecp wee 
Peacock . . ceieaeispoieisiscszeye te ccocte/a Sea 180 
Pelicans™: See srw. <)7.5 oi ns Neen eee a sie e elete tate 66 
Pen (Writer) ............. araselereaeverniacrotetele 133, 135 
Penitence: 6 Ss cigs ays heh ees oe ae 184, 192 
PennGas® SR. oe ko A en aan ety ee 215 
Pentatewcheny Mi oo oc on or a ee 36 
Pericetony Peed cade dete 72, 182, 184 
Perfection’(Greek),.<..) s1,oclasteesce oe eee enone 148 
PestilenceMine ©, Ssostiessscst et ae 24 
Peter, St. a Keys) . oes ss oes site mee 
DAB SRST nett lttat folate vtatelarstets eter nets 108 
Phenisy! sit ataysk at st ciet ortvefereionetstevole eet o ence: erereretoreae ie aetan . 100 
PhilipySe? ThL8. PM) .sca08 og 0524.5 OS ee 82 
Phylactoniumt ys 2295. Se hee eee 199 
Phylactony: .3 4 seitndvdo5oos cose eee 199 
PilQriga Bers vimi.s ta nohae oon ns eee oe ie eee 82 
Pilgrsas; Stati, i Sasick cecetene poco one eee 216 
Pillarweryse reece ee stot a esarareeretaroreiseretans . 9 
Pincerse) 2 2. sialolotelsersre tote cietsrarislsrsters go, 132 
PAG Cher, 5.05 5 sje 10; 010:aia arereieswinie sseiier te wie eoveloreeiee ects 133 
Pleasure...... PERERA” F SRORA One O CSO OS 58 
Pomepranateya oe ai-ijeevcieinen ociieweloa cme eiscr II5, 104 
POMP Wee 5 ways cascades need sioneg:s nese eee 180 


Poti Manna’ c- ice a hese sen 6 wavorsioe ee siols Snehae yee 
Poti Water i. e+ ce vor veratoleccheravaretetet cletatclcls stats Ae aCe 


Power,, Everlasting’ « . . 6 © secs suse ciccsenneiei2 
POWEESP: 65. kc gases sian hye Ree Ee ada tnlale late olainehewvie's 215 
Presence of Geode wi Ge 57 win wiels Sieve eyplaroweyal dyaratoreteretemeliiay 
‘Priestisi Crown) .y.c <0 deosaeseasees silauayas soos SESS 
Principalities) «5 c+ 10i +s sandacadeccanaseaa aes 
Promise to Abram... . ........ Face soresge 28 
Promise’ (Rambow) .). . << oscccscecccccacdemece 
Prophecy, 2% 2) ..c00: Pies cache datesicd cede 153 
Prosperity . ARERR, Seen BE noe, . 186, 212 
Prosperity, Bove a BMAP Ne aS caaeaer Dees eee 26 
Purityaae See Gaon. SooudoddaddS 146, 160, 192, 194 
Punishment: of!Sint #6, 5, 5 cto ciosistsceceieiicics cies 20 
Purification! 2%, « pcg psuhessaaetsteaseue 186, Be 
Purification, Freedom one danse daeerssene 

Py srer es Ce bee bas Se Sietieiee deaedeels aa Br 

R 

Rainbow, pycieeei-ireeiets ae lotoni eile siajo.aterelstaretaaete 26 
Raphael, Archangel . . . . . 2 cccscececesccss 216 
RAV SW esis i/o vo: 0 eke rcie ora oxeselorevaleteisioieli«jeisiais\elavejetemsetersiera 4 
Redeemer . . .. ..... SGtodsndsseonesooaddoca 215 
Reedl eds « ss wsisosas BGOCAC RGR BHOMnOCOCCOSHO 94 
Regeneration . .. 2.0 5 ceoeses ... 156, 184, 192 
Rejoicing . BY cya acelain ale eveiaterotoraverotecohotereforeyste - 190 
Reliciewe Giert <weice soon ees aeecee some eee 199 


Reliquiaty scsi). sx salen cineierciaisis sevice ve atelevo tla AOD 
RES Ha a 10is.c7e cies siieweivtoss 


(222) 


—— eee 


pe 


I = ea mes ales, eceuard 


PAGE 
Resurrection ..........70, 98, 100, 176, 180, 194, 196 
Remben(Sea) Ps sete: cee Bites soc sis ccs secs 30 
Rewardsicps fins. sss sesqncese . 160, 162, 168 
LNCS “Gal ier EER se Alora mmm pe Ae 141 
Rear oneness... AOOOIOOC TS Bins jsrans aie reisle aieceiees 155, 194 
RING BR OSATY. Nini un ayn eae een sae eee 122 
RDEIek aac oee nen saa a oe 180 
Rod, Aaron’s . PS en OREO R Ee aSHG 50 
Lito) | ae eae AOR Sa R ina eel 153, 216 
Rone. BPM gids a areyal Steve lheve yaraletacte lene teie Sensis or ieee 92 
Rosary . Sr Risiele(oreiaicleiniercinieeteceie rate cone 122 
Rosary, Grier Ole ar at a ecnimen mee tne on 124 
ROSE Ba Vieis, so ee eaten ans ees ene 190 
Roses Mysticalvems sccc eceet eens close II4 
ROSe: Of JERICHO 2c ere oecdse sae accnen eee 190 
Rose; Resurrection! $7575 ate.cscaleceeetet cere 190 
OSes, DUGOR acco ccs teceseicissceics cone socom 132 


Sacred Heart of Jesus... . Siovete! sieisicie cco eto 


Sacred Heart of Jesus, Riches Sie SERaGOOSSuSHES 124 
SacredvEleartioteManyas. cla mss ccsonenn ences IIO 
Sachce shies) cee ce beeen tee eee eee 80, 212 
Sacrifice, Altar one Deielciere a ieniersmerieee eats 42 
Saintsu A teri DULES TOL tereyveia cise sacl dieeieieraciemete 132 
Salwationg ec... 5 siseisvssins ones ckcioe tent ene 212 
Salvation, Biel E MedRt a nes elcid siete ele oie 2 OZ 
Sea Gil NER Ais eae ek Seacac tied ap tet hein eee 86 
Sealesames in cic scat ncianen nce cate ee 215 
Scapilatgrwe c: |e sstesicene Ae acisoe enc cieeonee ence 122 
Sceptre . eWay daetee siscioeren ices amen 29 
Sceptre of B. V. Be MER opts cloister eats eee eee oe 106 
Sceptre of Godhead . . . ........eeceeeee 106, 215 


SCOUTRCH age ey cmcure, oe esas ee OR eS 
SCHOMEi A as epete is. Hound eicnsoate eee cee enISS 


Scytheysc wey ved Co wacen su noes eaesee eae 164, 168 
Sea Geeabeny SI COO CBOSE OS) SSUCUCOOHE EEO AGHET 30 
Scabeleuthernsysee terre oon cee at ae 5 Ate 
Seal ePresbyteriansers cada rercwreareicis soisuieinla Sern 206 
Seraphims .. . SMO Ma ioleleisiori ohio eae sale none 215 
Sempentaswrtrtrerasricimec ce sicuciccciswiscntonaeietl 156 
SerpentiandlGhalicewsmaws a. cccsk oxccoadesa ee 82 
Serpent-rbrazeneaensene a tciicccne seen 50 
Serpents (Dan)i aa een ee one on eee Nome 34 
Serpentronwiree aes: Ws Plo s seecwradboceaus 20 
SUE NTT Colel era VB iain 5 Ont Na ee a 78 
SITS 2 ice | CR 0 Gk a Ne ae aetanes oi 38 
SEU a ae at ical cee coors, oo he hae ee 82 
Shepherds = 5) {pear une oc ee 62 
Shewbread, Table or Rae fetere's oictave oteleteyeteiere 48 
Shield of Davids leky.. SC OODCOCO OCC Tac 4 
Shield of Fatth ~s~cseswae ook s oc cece cccccccne 154 
SLC) = RA red ets eh rrr ele 108 
SHApECZe DUAN) yt geo e wy obs sods: wae, ccohe ohne 
Shoes Or Sandalse-teatee s+ .t)-.. . oe cceatcasd 216 
SIS Nis Sa Ba SG cid ot ene 168 
SiR AY crcnieino is Sod ex bs adie o uence ane 148 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


PAGE 

Silene gasaiovcieleveissislosierelolecie otelsiatcieierscis(s Melero! GO 
Simeon (Sword)... ses. uswisiawie se weer steer 32 
Simons Sia (Saw) io sctciesieiscicuiowinicesnic oot slope 86 
Sins WMO miMNiOn: OF: « «.<.5 s.5,00.0.00.s,0,0610% «0010 v4 (0 «cine 22 
Sin @Dragon)) kao) <6, on wcetave.cis eves so miei <popereiisiniatstege 24 
Sin (Serpent) . Rb eaierete (ela terera inlaw ciel creieea ere CO ee 
SI tn IP ge iisso sce votere tare atele elolnsis its oes visielevore.eoisie 20 
Skull and ero hones BE eaters (aie eiatein eile eieinicinecle 22 
Snake Encircling World . . . ............2++ 22 
Snaken(bternity) cass eiecicveiseiceicieiaieleisrecioielevernicie 156 
Snake (Wisdom) . mir gave sietelareiees sisisens see's 157 
SYR . 5 6 45a6005000000000000 00000000000 00006 12 
Sorrow SSO CDT TORAOOOC OOOO DOC. Orc 192 
CSaiill 4-5 Seco cdecoocUoUnbCDaotnOdadomarucaD 100 
Soulbersectited)<.) -i-) cece ae) eeieie rele siemens 126 
Soul, Release of . Sint eisiole/acresaioretelesdesieisteisrs 130 
Sails 5 5 6 6 gaboogvoouedducobaccas0 boosonoodaT 108 
Soulss(Meves) paw esse seieeteleteteeleeiel-rseeel= 124 
Sore (aleamd) 5 5 6 5 4 odccccosoassbon00006655" 124 
Souls, Redeemed ,. SABO ODO BOON O COO De 150 
Sovereipntyacacis actecele! elec cel tcteiniotrcloisioit tet fnid 04. 
Spear . . BE aiciaysieraisaisierle Sows ereeeieeieese"s 92 
Sjijinig@y, quand. Grucoesodnoccoorcpe: ocacosnosacde 196 
Spinite Divina ou ous waccciciselcratertasieeciseisiierels 72 
Sires IMTS Wis 2 6 Gg Goososloscocondeoonsod 184 
SHOTS 3 a 6 bs wHoddoodnoOnEEGoanoobodedeTcac 92 
SER oc 5 gs Gin CBSOsSON SONS SOORSSORADCONTCOC 182 
Square, Centers spiolae) seus? sisle/ savers jossaraletopaetars 82 
Staff, = aaa s, | Bishop’ S_ciesis ace tceiaceisels 206 
Staff, Pastoral . Seeks Tea lacia ernie ayo cepa 108 
Statipb il orini’syirs ts; foaieiee aps: 0a !a014j0 0: raver ee otis = 82 
Standardn(Gad) ae, epee co oe eocioreei see cocoa te 
SWE (GRAINS oaaoocaosoene sooososse 12, 18, 62, 182 
ID IsCIples is (5 lags sere (ersvereser0r6.0 stowo oi sere ersisieiererere 184 
(HolysSpisit) co fe c6. kx css ic. \cceetesetisiaeie 184 
IMGT TA ap (Ga Solelesezessjsyasepae.cisieie Voie wisqoisieisi sels 112 

OLB arity sy epee ios) aoa eis eieisisincs evetelereiuielstescvets 182 

OM Bethlehemiey y205, ay tac creielsislsvelelesersie siere 60 
@)(US EN 6 6 6 6 SesccousecesouocooeLesos 118 
(Reriection) ay cucu cn rcssinieieisis nsec en 72k o4 
(Regeneration) ir oun, s pocec ss.o5,s0sic 1s steinsicte 184 
SOlOMORS gp scucne Waueresiceas.s cies aciclecinrseceers 212 

S farsa AD Ta ri sSies ge eee si oa leloveinsasela1a .Seisieyeieies 28 
Staves: iy sjeucuey doen ia 8ia/a)a Seles sacs euceeconives 04 
S teria tas guste tors ere eer ote o etc era ia aisle ois, siete sieieiouie 135 
Strength ce sucusmte tar erica wc ieee sic Se ote ewisle 194 
Sufkerin gts nchey snowmen ch ie coe ike ¢ ones vivwieisens 194 


Suttle hate ha Ned aeeiec leincceeces ce ecissis TIO M06 


Sun, Ree 98, 132 
Suntlowerrece to site cee aeio sale oes oe duielese cio aree 180 
Swastikaten hme seewamers craic siaisis.s 5 elarsivierareieieiaye.cve 148 
Sword . BOGS, GOCh ASE OOCROE 94, 132, 196 
and iajances a Cs irs ms ciovaisisinnseye erator Od 
lamniin Sama rote ects ce'« 6 sc ab bosses 20, 215 
GL Spiele 8. CORSE CORSO SC OUB SOO 154 
CLC Ta Siew ear aie fofeloioneis.6-e 8 cre ol @eteinsersere 92 
(Sinieon) pment ere rceies cas crosincio mares 32 
Systra aTeiatreisslele etgielelesaiooietere 56 


| 


SYMBOLS AND EMBLEMS 


oI 


Index 


PAGE PAGE 
T Vessels... .. wivlaietble cipieleveisialstniaiete Sate ances 
Vessels, Minor Orient Dios Makes wees earate e . 138 
Tables of SHOHE 6! 8071s eccds dicen wom eRe 36 Victory . . 108, 160, 162, 166, 194, 196 
Temptations ss erassasccccesaxgusct ee 20 Van soos crtanesadoe ck 108, 118, 156 
Tetramorph Se ul amare sacaadcc aiid hoa 196 Wane (Bohmian esd sncus ae pa ad 
@hanksgivingiAltar < +5 (41% .).0 2% coe Ge 26 Mirgttl, BLL, Mucaaceeecnnctoxccence ee “a6 
Thomas, St... . - ssscesseeseeseesesenecees 82 Wirtiesteris 60.5 oatowinse sncncers 4 oo 146 
MHOrmS iets ee eehepe ee meee ee eer elcan ae 198 
Thrones "29225 * 555055 48 Seis. fo CR 215 
Thuanmiint \F i's atts tute eae Ee 46 W 
Tiaras 0 Shs retort ads eee 202 
Pini brel ys) wre cbsertentantetohteiqpnemene PE 56 Wafer 2... ceeee secre eset eee ee eee ee es 122, 199 
Bane, VAPOR SATA to ead bona yee weg 156 War... s ceeceeseseeeeeeeee lelelnlelelelelelelale\s teeters 54 
Time and Death HISAR ATS A Tate ere Pe 164 Watchfulness ©. 1. 1. e sees eeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 88 
gaye) se PN SA OER ee Meee FaMen. 36 Water ote or re ot Uiate eavdisiele ale cretstet diet rc) te eteieeeteons 192 
Torch, Blanine dSsteldtdaleisictte ita deRicta ac eee 166 Waters Bottle eo em retetetelate cininlelelatetetetetetteeeete 82, 132 
Torch: Inverted’ sk) icckadon se dnacec deen 166 Water/(Holy Spirit) <<). 320-35. senses 42 
TOWer sate ee chet ce OE Ae te 130, 215 Wraterelily %. 7.75 "5250 fatetere ctcte te loloretolaterstettorate Es 192 
Tree; Acacia tm sot ka sdine Naas dco ee ee 28 Well (Comfort, Grace, Mercy, Pity, Life) . 96 
Tree, Applets ic i2 1aaaasadosoassecneeedcdeee 20 Well) Enclosed! 0027 -necr secs 1.2/0 ee 114 
Trials noone (eh dsosasdenschscanas eee 162 Whales . . See ee eee ere ewe e eer ee eeeeee ees 14 
Trials and ribulations i: fa. sss4s56s0es soe 168 Wheat . . . . .. se seeecseseceeeees 156, 158, 192, 212 
Triangle, Equilateral . . . ..... Rane 4, 76, 156, 182 Wheels). .°os050 sco otce ceaeceeeee en eee 132 
Griangleinterlacingaeseaasceeeee eee cere 4, 76 WHR RS) oo la ciclerosicsisralcc cislstate elct stele aaiaee ia 215, 216 
Triangle, Right-angled . . . ...........0000 2, 183 Wisdomia: Ss ote ike eee cheesesteak eee 156 
Tribes, Twelve, Emblems of ........... 30, 32, 34 Wisdom, Light Of" ou... sees ene cee eee eee 135 
TRINTADAS) shar arscce esata ive a 78 Wisdom, Seat ‘of <2" 6 focc i oceeeccds eee 120 
Trinity (Equality) . ee 78, 160, 182, 198, 212, 215 Wolf. (Benjamin) 3 °2°2" -.. eee nee cece cee 32 
Trinity: (Greek) ta ts: 3h ia%. netewecucdh eee eens 148 Work’ .) 3, Sstcwidsdiwets sik reset eee eee 170 
Trinity @afaitadee- SCOT otra die, 78 World. 6 secede dene aote tee ene 22, 212 
Trinity; (lettered tah 9 Cee eects wee Get AR 76 Wormwood . Fn cece eee cece erence ee ee eeens 192 
Trey a@ihiRaye meme ieee 156 Wounds of Christ... . sesseessseeess 92; 96 
Triquetra . PRE R iat ictersiong aie teers het eee 76 Wreath econcsicdvcsseectreutteccelealdleeeeeee ere 166 
Trumpet’ si oes «Savas coeacsamesaneranck oe 58, 216 Wizeath: of alm ce a= trtecistac's'el-leteletictetteteets 52, 196 
*Bruthe .2'.°4." SUA Rear ctonnicie tines. 164 Wrreathof the Altar 7 37 2 se \seact aa 52 
ruth Everlastin sae ieneneieieee eae eee 212 Wreath) of the"Ark’.....csicls canvases oscnccemte 52 
ParmMoil © 345.0485 -rcsatterstetotercratldeterchossis nas eRe 54 Wreath of the Table . . . .........sseeeeee - 52 
U x 
TWRICOEM 5 « “iat ofeiatalclotetaclalolala'sta.cisien seniaraie eer 134 | RTO TN italien we Se 108, 140, 144 
Winitass) i POkbs 1h Fh WAS anos de eee 78 SXCPIPST OZ. + win oton Hae NO ee Ohio EEE eee 14! 
Ile SEN Bc cee echCoR Sn PhS Bos Sec. 2c3. 7D Wap Nhs wee cop slisseerpee ce o. eep eee 148 
Uriel, Archangel . iy) Ai ahaa ae ac ooo 216 Ki. SP Ns 335 sidwiies dee ctelciocein.niosw ais epee tetas . 150 
Wim are ws hd daehaaeed dewtdiosawcangesssnnnae 46 
V ZL 
Wear they AREA asi sig orale siereles iat olasata covnre/ous/etorsve ote eoavevereere 180 Zadkiel, Archangel ........ ENR DAMS Metaste steerer 216 
Wien eance ss. 1s. ion paumatae sais: cro eibioe nieeeeremetioeere 164 TEE else er RARE CA cPiGaRn COO GOOUO DOO T0000 152 
IV CROMICAN = ho. cp stelaiclatatniarais’s eieioreioce ies ee rine 88 Zebulun (Ship) acer celeeicte ee lesielelelelatelelals\eleleiel=ialele 30 
WQS AIRS SNS SOROGAEITRIMARererioe ocoose. = 160 Zophiel, Archangel . . . . ...-se.eeeeeces socom ee 
- (224) 


Pi 


eine 
; 


ee 


SYMBOLS AND EME 


Cares 


LED 


A A ay 


a 
a 
¥ } : 
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t i > 
$ : w 
a 2 ¢ ‘ , 
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a 
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.0OI3 t ‘I CALREOS: stati wdes eee ee ee | 
+ vi al ni 
das { ine tweens sey rel th eeeeeer Jy 
PF atk, ' | M ‘be om 
Sb (oi ee Se how obo OO8G 4a + nee ofl 
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H = tne ve eee eh bad oe SER: hy 


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ie firey, ee Fee : , 
Ve oc Minot Orders « hae ts s<éent 7 
Vevey of ee we Leap aril it 
— re oa hails sh, vo, if : 
Me | ¥ ORS tear eee d foe) . 
4 a (Hip lveaban),. > + saperas 
vicgin iby al 


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vende dy 


. ’ seaws (pte edpe se 
Virtoms . TES IEPELILIIL TL Tit.) 
‘ ‘ : : 
, i ' 
: _ 
Wate 4 bev ‘ ve + @xhr eee 
Vv ¢ a . ¥ a* ee * ieee ee 
' thet eee + i oe ee te Wee i 
ViFezsi\). : bed + vae4 Pre trues ne 
‘Vater Bottle fl ~-« 
Wades Glloty Sperte) °) .) 'S eke fey 
_Watex-iity he b an a « 


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DATE DUE 
pec i 3 


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ea 
elle 


SAA-PI ILE 


SEP 44 


Cs 


DEMCO 38-297 


wi 


DUKE UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARY 


DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA 
27706 


: 


SZLSS0600 d 


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OsT HAN 


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